290 Professor Charles Lapworth, LL.D., F.R.S. 



and scientific men of the place. His holidays were spent in 

 continuing his work on the stratigraphy and fossils of the Scottish 

 Uplands. Here he wrote his papers on the Moffat Series, the Scottish 

 Monograptidee, the Distribution of the Ehabdophora, and others. 



But in 1881 came a welcome change, and he was able to throw 

 his entire energy into science, scientific teaching, and geology. His 

 researches and papers had by this time made his name familiar 

 to workers in the older fossiliferous rocks, and, backed by many 

 of the most famous British and foreign geologists of the day, he 

 applied for, and was elected to fill, the newly established Chair of 

 Geology and Mineralogy at the Mason College, Birmingham, his 

 title being afterwards modified at his own request to Professor of 

 Geology and Physiography. He at once plunged into the teaching 

 work of his Chair, but the greater leisure and opportunities the post 

 afforded allowed him to complete and publish his Girvan paper, to 

 carry out serious field-work in the Highlands of Scotland, to make 

 discoveries in the Midland district, and, later on, to begin that work 

 in the Ordovician districts of Shropshire which was to lead him 

 down, stage by stage, to the uttermost depths of the Longmyndian 

 rocks. As the years have gone on he has practically devoted all his 

 energies to geological and geographical work — not only as a teacher, 

 investigator, and writer, but as outside lecturer, textbook writer, 

 university examiner, scientific adviser, and in the other multi- 

 farious obligations which appertain to the Geological Professor of 

 modern days. 



Lapworth was elected a Fellow of the Geological Society of 

 London in 1872, was awarded the Murchison Fund in 1878, the 

 Lyell Fund in 1882 and 1884, the Bigsby Gold Medal in 1887, the 

 Wollaston Medal in 1899, and went on the Council of the Society in 

 1894. The honorary degree of LL.D. was conferred on him by the 

 University of Aberdeen in 1884. In 1888 he was elected a Fellow 

 of the Eoyal Society, receiving a Eoyal Medal in 1891, and serving 

 on the Council in 1895-1896. He has acted as examiner in Geology 

 to the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, London, Victoria, and 

 Wales, was President of the Geological Section of the British 

 Association in 1892, is an honorary member of the Geologists' 

 Association and other scientific societies at home and abroad, and 

 is now President of the Geological Society of Glasgow. 



In considering the general scope of Professor Lapworth's work 

 and the bearing of its results, it will be well to divide it into four 

 branches. Field Geology, Geology in the Laboratory and Study, 

 Teaching, and Applied Geology. 



1. WorTi in the Field. 



The development of the geology of the Southern Uplands may be 

 said to form the keynote of Lapworth's field-work. The stratigraphy 

 ■of highly complicated districts had already been frequently studied 

 in outline ; and in mountain districts it had been pointed out again 

 ^nd again that the apparent sequence was not to be trusted. But 

 the detailed unravelling of such districts had been seldom attempted 



