292 Frqfesso)' Charles Lcqnvorth, LL.D., F.R.S. 



great litliological variety in the strata. Here Lapworth found his 

 work much facilitated by the rich collections of fossils already made 

 from this district by Mrs. Eobert Gray, and he was free to devote 

 himself to working out the stratigraphy and collecting graptolites. 

 The outcome of the stratigraphical work on the Girvan succession 

 was published in a paper to the Geological Society in 1882, but the 

 publication of some of the broader structural questions connected 

 with the surrounding area and the Uplands as a whole was deferred 

 for some years, and was then published as a paper on the Ballantrae 

 Kocks in the Geological Magazine in 1889. 



It is needless to say that the Girvan work entirely confirmed that 

 of Moffat in all particulars. The succession of rocks in the new 

 area, although more than twenty times the thickness, was found 

 to tally with that of Moffat, the chronological order of the fossils 

 common to the two areas agreed, the succession of physical 

 changes was coincident, and the type of structure indicated that 

 Moffat and Girvan were parts of the same grand region of deposition 

 and of the same great system of earth-movement. It is characteristic 

 of Lapworth, however, that not one of these coincidences is so much 

 as hinted at in his first Girvan paper. The local facts were described 

 and the local inferences drawn, but the reader was left to compare 

 the Girvan and Moffat phenomena, and to draw from them the 

 inevitable conclusions for himself. 



Needless also to remind readers of the Geological Magazine 

 that the officers of the Geological Survey, unhampered in their 

 methods and possessed of detailed maps to work with, have in 

 the course of time entirely confirmed Lapworth's conclusions in 

 the two areas, and, by adopting the zonal method which he initiated 

 with such success, they have been able in some particulars to advance 

 beyond his original conclusions. The great Survey Memoir on the 

 Scottish Uplands is not only the record of a fine piece of survey 

 work, but a monument to the genius of the man who made it possible. 



This Upland work, together with its demonstration of the value 

 of the graptolite as a zone index, brought Lapworth into conflict 

 with the views of many of the established authorities of the time. 

 Particularly was this the case with the veteran Barrande, whose 

 well-known theory of • Colonies ' had been founded to get over 

 difficulties almost precisely similar to those which existed in South 

 Scotland. Barrande devoted his final " Defense des Colonies, No. 5," 

 to the matter, but, far from subscribing to Lapworth's views, he 

 maintained the validity of his colonies and even named a new one 

 after his antagonist. But, neither on this nor on any other occasion, 

 has Lapworth turned aside from his course to indulge in controversy ; 

 he has simply gone straight on with his work. 



Having demonstrated that the Southern Uplands were the relic 

 of a wide area of orogenic movement, Lapworth was next naturally 

 drawn to a region in which earth-movement had had even greater 

 play than in the Uplands. The experience already gained would 

 constitute the basis of his researches and enable him to get over 

 preliminary difficulties, while he would learn the effects of a much 



