294 Professor Charles Lcqmorth, LL.D., F.B.8. 



The same year Lapworth and Mr. Jerome Harrison proved that the 

 rocks of Nuneaton, Hartshill, and Atherstone, instead of being Coal- 

 measures and Millstone Grit as laid down on the published maps, 

 were also parts of this buried land and of Cambrian age. This was 

 established by Lapworth's finding of Cambrian fossils in the shales 

 of Stockingford, above the Quartzite, and volcanic rocks of Uriconian 

 type underneath it. These discoveries, of course, demanded fresh 

 maps of the districts implicated ; in 1886 the officers of the Survey 

 came down, satisfied themselves as to their correctness in the 

 Nuneaton district, and brought out new editions of their maps in 

 order to include them. In 1898 the same thing was done for the 

 Lickey Hills, the official surveyor being on this occasion an old 

 student of Lapworth's, trained by him on those very hills. The 

 more crucial parts of both these districts had already been mapped 

 in detail by Professor Lapworth, sometimes in company with his 

 students. 



The further discovery of calcareous beds in the upper part of the 

 Nuneaton Quartzite, by Dr. T. Stacey "Wilson, led to the searching of 

 the rocks for fossils along this line of country by Professor Lapworth, 

 and the discovery of a bed of limestone bearing Hyalites and other 

 fossils characteristic of the lowest fossiliferous Cambrian or Etche- 

 minian horizons of America and elsewhere (1897). 



In 1886 work was begun in the Shelve district of Shropshire, and 

 in the course of two or three years the sequence was made out and 

 compared with that of South Scotland, North Wales, and Scandinavia 

 (1887, 1894:). In later years the more detailed mapping of the 

 greater part of that area has elucidated its structure, while at the 

 same time the more complicated Caradoc region on the east of 

 the Longmynd has been studied. Failing to find in that district 

 a satisfactory base to the Ordovician System, the Cambrian rocks 

 were next dealt with, the first outcome being the discovery of 

 Olenellus and its accompanying fauna at the top of the basal 

 Shropshire Quartzite (1888). This discovery resulted directly 

 in the finding of the equivalent of the Olenellus Limestone at 

 Nuneaton, and indirectly in the finding of Olenellus in the ' Fucoid 

 Beds ' of North Scotland. Thus a definite Lower Cambrian horizon 

 became marked out over a large area, and the base of the Cambrian 

 System was drawn at the bottom of the Quartzite. 



It was, however, soon found impossible to complete the study of 

 the Lower PalEeozoic sequence of this region without mapping the 

 underlying floor of Dr. Callaway's Uriconian and Longmyndian rocks 

 and working out the sequence and structure of the Harlech anticline, 

 which has been more or less completed by Lapworth and his friend 

 Dr. Stacey Wilson. 



This bald enumeration of thirty-three years' field-work naturally 

 leads to a brief consideration of the causes which have contributed 

 to its success. The principal reasons appear to the writer to be 

 the following : — (1) Careful mapping on lines similar to those 

 adopted by the Geological Survey, but usually in greater detail; 

 the difficult areas being done on as large a scale as possible, and 



