and its Fossil Estherice. 351 



and extends to Ashton and the Swellendara Division, just south of 

 the Langebergen ; it covers also a large area eastwards as far as 

 Mossel Bay, and along the valley of the Olifant's Kiver in the 

 Oudtshoorn District, just south of the Great Zwarteberg range. This 

 formation consists of a quartzose conglomerate vfi\X\ a ferruginous 

 cement, and with intercalated, variable, lenticular sandstones. In 

 general it is less than 50 feet thick, but in some places the con- 

 glomerate hills rise 400 feet above the valleys (pp. 16 and 17). 



At about 30 miles east of Swellendam, and 20 miles from the sea, 

 there is an outlier of Enon Conglomerate, on which are the two towns 

 of Heidelberg and Riveisdale. In the vicinity of the former rises 

 the Duivanhocks River, which runs down to the sea at St. Sebastian 

 Bay. Near Heidelberg occur the shaly ai^enaceous strata, with 

 multitudes of flattened Estherifd on the bed-planes. 



The name ' Enon Conglomerate ' was first used by Dr. W. Guybon 

 Atherstone (Eastern Province Monthly Magazine, vol. i, No. 10, June, 

 1857, p. 528), for the quartzose conglomerate which he noticed at 

 Enon, in the Alexandria Division of the Eastern Province, among 

 the upper waters of the Sunday's Eiver, on the flank of the 

 Zuurberg. The name has been adopted by others, and used 

 particularly in Mr. E. J. Dunn's Geological Map of South Africa. 



Mr. A. G. Bain's section and remarks at p. 58, vol. vii. Trans. 

 Geol. Soc, ser. ir, 1845, indicate this conglomerate and some over- 

 lying portions of the Wood-bed series of the Uitenhage Jurassic 

 formation, in Lower Albany, north of the Bushman River. Mr. Bain 

 also noticed (op. cit., p. 184) the occurrence of the Enon Con- 

 glomerate, with ferruginous cement, "at Lange Kloof and other 

 parts of the district of George," as well as " on the flank of the 

 Zuurberg " and " at Grobbelar's Kloof near Graham's Town." 



In the Mining Journal for July 3rd, 1886, the following arrange- 

 ment was given by me for this conglomerate and associated strata : — 



(Trigonia Beds \ 

 Wood Bed ( 400? feet 

 Saliferous Bed l 

 Zwartkop Sandstone ... / 

 Enou Conglomerate ... 300 feet. 

 (Unconformable or Devonian and other old rocks in Albany.) 



At pp. 76-78 of the Rep. Geol. Comm. for 1898 it is stated 

 that " The Enon Conglomerate extends from the Paardeberg 

 eastwards, as a huge sheet covering up the Bokkeveld Beds on the 

 south and the Malmesburg Beds on the north. It lies in the middle 

 of the valley between the Zwartebergen and Langebergen. Typically 

 it consists of pebbles of quartz and quartzite, imbedded in a dark 

 red matrix, but varieties occur which are very similar to those in 

 the conglomerate south of the Langebergen. Along the Gamka 

 Flats there are white gravels with large boulders similar to those 

 in Honig Klip's Kloof, and along the Olifant's River on the west 

 there are green sandstones and white claystones [?], the same as 



' See also Quart. Joiu-n. Geol. Soc, 1867, vol. xxiii, pp. 149 and 167. 



