72 li. G. Carrudiers — A Revision of some Carboniferous Corals. 



No doubt examples can be found that have the characters of 

 one of these so-called species throughout its growth. In particular, 

 I have noticed a few small specimens (e.g., B,. 11,676) which 

 possess a short enlarged fossula throughout and short minor septa, 

 con'esponding to Z. konincki as originally defined. But the great 

 majority of these corals which I have examined, are in accordance 

 with the description and figures accompanj'ing the present paper. 



It is not surprising that the French and Belgian authors employed 

 two names for this coral. Such a course was indeed a perfectly 

 natural one, since their observations were of necessity confined to 

 the calyx ; in such circumstances it was impossible for them to be 

 certain tliat they were concerned with a single species. 



One other point in connection with the synonymy of this species 

 remains to be considered. Zaph. le Honiana, de Kon., was a species 

 founded on a single specimen ; according to the author, it differed 

 from Z. konincki in the greater development of the septa, and in the 

 less elongated shape of the fossula, and from Z. intermedia in the 

 number and length of the septa. 



An inspection of the type-specimen showed that it was in reality 

 an unusually large example of Z. konincki. This accounted for the 

 number of the septa (40 instead of 32, the diameter of the calyx 

 being \b cm. instead of the 1 cm. of the ordinary Z. konincki). The 

 shape of the fossula and the development of the septa (i.e., their 

 prominence in the calyx) we have seen to be unreliable in these 

 corals. Although the central portion of the calicinal fl.oor is broken 

 away in the type (the interior was destroyed during silicification and 

 is now quite hollow), nevertheless the nature and arrangement of the 

 septa around the calyx are clearly seen to be identical with those in 

 Z. konincki, as here defined, and to the latter species, in my opinion, 

 the coral must undoubtedly be referred. 



One small point concerning the figure of the calyx of Z. le Honiana 

 (Nouv. Kecher., PI. x, fig. 10«) may be mentioned. The epitheca 

 in that figure seems unusually thick. In reality it is of medium 

 thickness, and the appearance is due to a constriction of growth 

 having taken place at the very top of the calyx. 



Bistrihuiion. 



Z. konincki appears to have a distinct zonal value, although it 

 must be confessed that our knowledge of its distribution outside the 

 South-Western Province is as yet very scanty, since the only district 

 outside that region from which the species has been reported is that 

 of Arnside in the North of England. Concerning the occurrence of 

 the species in the South- Western Province, Dr. Vaughan has supplied 

 the following notes, while he has also added a few words on the 

 Arnside specimens : — 



" As I have already pointed out in the Bristol paper, our form 

 is conspicuously elongate when compared with the figure of 

 Z. cornucopia given by Edwards & Haime (referred above to 

 Z. konincki). The recent revision of the Z fauna has added nothing 

 to our previous knowledge of the range of this species ; its entrance 

 may be conveniently taken as marking the base of Zo, its maximum 



