Baron F. Huene — Sections at Gu//'s Cliff, Warwick. 101 



be explained? In considering the formation of the Keuper strata it 

 should always be imagined that a great continent extended from 

 England to America, but a brackish sea and swamp from England 

 to Eastern Germany as far as the Scandinavian, East Prussian, and 

 Bohemian borders, where another great northern continent began 

 and extended eastwards. England was thus the western zone of 

 gulfs and brackish swamps, but in the west was the great Atlantic 

 continent, probably with great sand-masses from the weathered 

 Armorican Alps. 



In one of the outcrops of the Keuper Sandstone at Guy's Cliff, 

 below the house of Lord Algernon Percy, on the bank of the Avon 

 (Fig. 1), some horizontal laminated strata of sandstone have obviously 

 been eroded and covered over by a conglomerated and brecciated mass, 

 and after that this little valley was again filled up by cross-bedded sand. 



The other section higher up and opposite the house (Pig. 2) shows 

 several strata of sandstone, between which are thin layers of marl 

 and conglomerate. It is very interesting to observe how the upper- 

 most of these thin marl-layers is crushed. It cannot possibly be the 

 natural bedding, but the marl is squeezed by the heavy overlying 

 sand-mass, which was probably a dune with a moving line of the 

 greatest heaviness (the vertical line of the dune). 



Fig. 2. — -Small section in the Lower Keuper Sandstone on the rocky cliff 

 opposite Guy's Cliff House, Warwick. (The dotted spaces are sand- 

 stones, the hatched ones are marls, the breccia is strongly marked.) 



The same is still better visible in the largest quarry at Bromsgrove ^ 

 (Fig. 3). There are overhanging folds of shale pressed into the thick 

 masses of sandstone. This cannot be produced otherwise than by 

 pressure in one direction, and that again can only be the result of 

 advancing dunes, because it is, of course, not a tectonic pressure. 



Dunes and strongly and quickly eroding waters are found together 

 either in deserts or near the border of the sea. It cannot be the first 

 in the case of the Lower Keuper Sandstone, because this sandstone con- 

 tains Acrodus, Hyhodus, Semionotus, and Bictyopyge. The sand-masses 

 must therefore be dunes near the shore. In Coton End Quarry, near 



1 Mr. L. J. "Wills, M.A., kindly guided me to this interesting section. 



