R. G. Carruthers — A Revision of some Carhoniferous Corals. 159 



issued, Lonsdale' adopted Michelin's genus, taking as his example the 

 only form, C. gigantea, yet described ; it was not till several years 

 later, when dealing with the fauna of Tournai, that a description of 

 C. cornucopicB appeared. 



Lonsdale's example was followed by McCoy and other later writers, 

 and amongst these Stuckenberg should be mentioned.* Some observa- 

 tions on Caninia were made in 1897 by Angelis d'Ossat,^ but the question 

 of the genotype is not discussed. This author describes two species, 

 but Stuckenberg and the older writers are followed, i.e. the forms 

 referred to Caninia belong to the group of C. gigantea, and closely 

 resemble the Cyathophylla. Whether C. gigantea can properly be 

 retained in Caninia, as here re-defined, must depend on a thorough 

 re-examination of that species, but the genus itself, as exemplified 

 by C. cornucopi(B, possesses such distinctive characters that, although, 

 in the absence of the present evidence, it was discarded by Milne- 

 Edwards & Haime, de Koninck, Nicholson, and others, it may now 

 fairly be restored. 



The nearest genus to Caninia, as above emended, seems to be Campophyllum, 

 M.-Ed. & H. (type C . Jlexuosum) . In tbis, however, the dissepiments are smaller, 

 more closely set, and form a somewhat broader marginal zone. It is possible that 

 Campophyllum must be included in the comprehensive genus Cyathophyllum, and 

 a re -examination of the genotype is necessary. In the typical Cyathophylla the 

 dissepimental zone is much broader than in Caninia. 



'■ Endophyllum,'' M.-Ed. & H., is characterised by the partial or complete 

 discontinuity of the major septa through the dissepimental zone ; this feature rarely 

 occurs in Caninia. 



Stuckenberg's genera Zaphrentoides (loc. cit. (1), p. 191 of German test) and 

 Fseudozaphrentoides (loc. cit. (2), p. 90 of German text) diiier in the rudimentary 

 condition of the primary septa, all of which lie in conspicuous fossulae (in certain 

 of the species, however, some of the septa considered as primary are probably the 

 youngest of the series) . 



D'Orbigny selected Caninia cornu-lovis, Mich., as the tj'pe of his 

 genus Gyathopsis ; as reasons will presently be given for regarding 

 that species as a fully grown form of Caninia cornuGO]}ice, and as the 

 salient features of both are represented in Dr. Yaughan's subgenus 

 Amplexi-Zaphrentis, these groups are consequently here considered as 

 synonymous with the older genus Caninia. 



Caninia cornugofije, Mich. (Plate YI, Pigs. 1-4.) 



1840. Caninia cornucopice, Mich. : Congres de Turin. 



— ,, ,, Michelin in Gervais: Diet. d. Sc. Nat., Suppl., i, p. 485. 



1842. Cyathophyllum niitratum, de Koninck : Descr. Anim. Foss. Terr. Carb. 



Belg., p. 22, pi. C, figs. 5a-5d. 

 1842. ,, pUcatum, ibid., p. 22, pi. C, figs. 4c-4(?. 



1845. Caninia corini-bovis, Mich. : Icon. Zooph., p. 185, pi. 47, fig. 8a. 



1846. ,, co)'nueopicB, ibid., p. 256, pi. 59, fig. 5. 



1848. ,, ,, Bronn: Index pal., pp'. 213 & 368. 



' In Murch., de Vein., & Keyserl. : " Eussia and the Ural Mountains," vol. i, 

 p. 615 (1845). 



- A. Stuckenberg: (1) Korallen u. Bryoz. d. Steinkohlen. d. Ural. u. Timan. : 

 Mem. Com. GeoL, vol. x, liv. 3, St. Petersburg, 1895. (2) Anthoz. u. Bryoz. 

 d. Unter Kohlenkalk v. Central Eusslands : ibid., k.s., liv. 14, 1904. 



* Angelis d'Ossat, Corall. e. Brioz. d. Carbonifero [Carnian Alps] : Atti d. E. 

 Ace. d. Lincei, ser. v, mem. ii, p. 256 (1897). 



