574 Reports and Proceedings — Geological Society of London. 



several new localities. Also that new discoveries of fossil plants 

 (Glossopteris, etc.) had proved that the whole southern part of the 

 East Falkland Island, south of Wickham Heights, belongs to the 

 Gondwana System. 



The following communications were read : — 



1, "The Eelations of the Nubian Sandstone and the Crystalline 

 Rocks of Egypt." By Hugh John Llewellyn Beadnell, Assoc. Inst.M.M., 

 F.G.S. (late of the Geological Survey of Egypt). 



The paper opens with an account of the general conclusions of 

 previous observers, which are mainly in favour of the view that the 

 granites are not intrusive into the Nubian Sandstone, but that the latter 

 was deposited round denuded masses of the granite. The crystalline 

 rocks, south of the Oasis of Kharga, are first dealt with. Eight 

 exposures of crystalline rocks were met with. The sediments near 

 the contact with the crystalline rocks are generally inclined at a high 

 angle, and in some cases the former appear to undergo considerable 

 alteration. The bedded rocks contain no fragments derived from 

 the crystalline rocks. Hills of folded Eocene and Cretaceous strata 

 seem to indicate that the intrusion of the granite may be of later date 

 than Lower Eocene. These crystalline rocks do not appear to differ 

 from those of the First Cataract and of the Eastern Desert and Sinai, 

 where great vertical displacements have occurred, and where it seems 

 likelj' that the sandstones were carried up when the great igneous 

 core was elevated into its present position. Here too there seems to 

 be no evidence of fragments of the crystalline rocks in question in the 

 sediments. Thus the author concludes that the Nubian Sandstone 

 was unconformably deposited, partly on pre-existing sedimentary 

 formations, and partly on the planed-down surfaces of still older 

 crystalline and metamorphic rocks. Subsequently it was invaded by 

 outbursts from the underlying magma, the intrusions being probably 

 connected with the elevation of the mountainous regions on the east 

 side of the Nile. 



2. "On the Fossil Plants of the "Waldershare and Fredville Series 

 of the Kent Coalfield." By E. A. Newell Arber, M.A., F.L.S., F.G.S. 



At the boring at Shakespeare Cliff, Dover, Coal-measures were 

 reached in 1890 at a depth of 1,100 feet, and subsequently penetrated 

 to a depth of about 2,270 feet. Thirteen seams of coal, varying in 

 thickness from 1 to 4 feet, were pierced. Coal-measures were struck 

 at 1,394 feet at the boring in Waldershare Park, and pierced for 

 1,260 feet more. Five seams of coal, varying from 1ft. 4 in. to 

 5 ft. 2 in. in thickness, were struck. The boring near Fredville 

 Park reached Coal-measures at 1,363 feet, pierced three seams of 

 coal, and was continued to a depth of 1,813 feet. The specimens 

 of plants collected from the "Waldershare and Fredville borings are 

 dealt with in detail, and compared with plants found at Dover and 

 in other localities in Britain and abroad. The more abundant and 

 characteristic species are common to "Waldershare and Fredville, 

 and lead to the conclusion that the beds belong to the same horizon. 

 The majority of species tabulated are either confined to the "Cpper 

 Coal-measures and the Transition Series below, or are Middle and 

 Lower Coal-measure forms which are known to occur in the Transition 



