132 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF 
a'separate class under the title kumbecephalic.* Another has the lon= 
gitudinal diameter little in excess of the greatest parietal breadth, and! 
is no less strikingly distinguished from the prevailing modern head, 
whether of Celtic or Saxon areas, by its shortness, than the other is: 
by its length, when viewed either in profile or vertically. The Anglo- 
Saxon type of skull appears to be intermediate between those two- 
forms, with a more symmetrical oval, such as is of common occurrence 
in modern English skulls. 
If cranial conformation has any ethnical significance, it appears to 
me inconceivable that the two extreme forms above referred to can 
both pertain to the same race ; and the circumstances under which the 
most characteristic examples of the opposite types have been found, 
confirm me in the belief which I advocated when the evidence was 
much less conclusive, that the older dolichocephalic or kumbecephalic 
skull illustrates the physical characteristics of a race which preceded 
the advent of the Celtz in Britain, and gradually disappeared before 
their aggressions. As, however, the opposite opinion is maimtained by 
so high an authority as Dr. J. Barnard Davis, the comparison of the 
following measurements, illustrative of the three types of head, will’ 
best exhibit the amount of deviation in opposite directions from the’ 
intermediate form. The measurements are taken from those furnish- 
ed in the Crania Britannica, and include the longitudinal diameter, 
frontal, parietal, and occipital breadth, parietal height, and horizon- 
tal circumference. No.1, like the majority of the same class, is dee. 
rived from a megalithic chambered barrow, and has been selected by 
Dr. Davis as a characteristic example of the class to which it belongs; 
though, according to him, that is one of aberrant deviation from the 
typical British form. No. 2, obtained from a barrow at Codford, in: 
Wiltshire, has also been selected by Dr. Davis as one of three typical 
British crania. It is of the same type as the Juniper Green skull, and 
its strongly marked characteristics are thus defined by him: “Its 
most interesting peculiarities are its small size, and its decidedly 
brachychepalic conformation. This latter character, which commonly 
appertains to the ancient British cranium, and even to that form which 
we regard as typical, is seldom met with expressed in so marked a 
manner.’ { No. 3, isa skull from an Anglo-Saxon cemetery near- 
Litlington, Sussex, one of two of which Dr. Davis remarks: “There is- 
* Prehistoric Annals of Scotland, p 177. 
+ Proceedings of the Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia, 1857, p. 42. 
f Crania Britanica, Dec. ii., pl. 14. 
