140 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SIGNIFICANCE .OF 
have been recovered from peat bogs, or others under circumstances 
more definitely marking their great antiquity. 
The variations of cranial form are.thus, it appears, no gradual transi- 
tion, or partial modification, but an abrupt change from an extreme 
dolichocephalic to an extreme brachycephalic type; which, on the in- 
trusion of the new and essentially distinct Anglo-Saxon race, gives 
place once more toa dolichocephalic form of medium proportions. 
The three forms may be represented, reduced to an abstract ideal of 
their essential diversities by means of the following diagram :*— 
Fig. 1. Fig, 2. Fig. 3. 
Leaving, meanwhile, the consideration of the question of distinct 
‘races indicated by such evidence, it will be well to determine first if 
such variations of skull-form can be traced to other than a transmitted 
ethnical source. The Juniper Green skull, already referred to, pre- 
sents in profile, as shown in the full sized view in the Crania Britan- 
nica, the square and compact proportions characteristic of British 
‘brachycephalic crania. It also exhibits in the vertical outline, the trun- 
cated wedge form of the type indicated in Fig. 2. In the most strongly 
marked examples of this form, the vertical or flattened occiput is a 
prominent feature, accompanied generally with great parietal breadth, 
from which it abrubtly narrows at the occiput. The proportions of 
this class of crania were already familiar to me before the discovery of 
the Juniper Green example; but it had not before occurred to me to 
ascribe any of their features to other than natural causes. But the 
circumstances attending its exhumation.gave peculiar interest to what- 
ever was characteristic in the skull and its accompanying relics, handled 
for the first time as evidences of the race and age of the freshly opened 
cist, discovered almost within sight of the Scottish Capital, and yet 
pertaining to prehistoric times. The skull was carried home in my 
* Owing to inaccurate copying on the part of the wood engraver, the diagrams, especially 
fig. 3, do not correspond on opposite sides, as they ought to do. 
