144 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF 
sides of the head is much more strongly marked in the Flathead skulls, 
which have been subjected to great compression. It is clearly trace- 
able to the difficulty of subjecting the living and growing head to a 
perfectly uniform and equable pressure, and to the cerebral mass fore- 
ing the skull to expand with it in the direction of least resistance. 
Hence the unsymmetrical form accompanying the vertical occiput in 
the Lesmurdie and Juniper Green skulls, and, as I conceive also in the 
Greek skull of Retzius. To me, at least, the study of the latter skull- 
form has tended strongly to confirm the belief that the extreme abbrevi- 
ated proportions of many naturally brachycephalic crania are due to 
artificial causes. Wherever a very noticable inequality exists between 
the two sides of a skull, it may be ascribed with much probability to 
the indirect results of designed or accidental compression in infancy ; 
and by its frequent occurrence in any uniform aspect, may, quite ag 
much as the flattened occiput, furnish a clue to customs or modes of 
nurture among the people to whom it pertains. 
Dr. Struthers of Edinburgh has in his collection an interesting ex- 
ample of a modern skull, measuring 7.5 longitudinal diameter, 6.5 
parietal diameter, 21.4 horizontal circumference, in which the trun- 
cated form is even more strongly marked by the abrupt flattening, 
immediately behind the parietal protuberances, accompanied with 
Inequality in the two sides of the head. It was obtained from a graye 
digger in Dundee, who stated it to be that of a middle aged female 
whom he had known during life. There was nothing particular about 
her mental developement. 
I have also drawn attention in former papers to the fact that such 
peculiar forms and examples of inequality in the developement of the 
two sides of the head, are familiar to hat manufacturers. Occasion- 
ally the eye is attracted by very unusual cranial forms revealed by 
baldness; but the hair suffices generally to conceal abnormal irregulari- 
ties, some of which, as illustrated by hatters’ shapes, are extremely 
odd and fantastical. My attention was originally directed to this 
familiar test by a remark of the late Dr. Kombst, that he had never 
been able to obtain an English-made hat that would fit his head. He 
added that he believed such was the general experience of Germans, 
owing to the greater length of the English head. I subsequently found 
the shapes of a Yorkshire hatter to be shorter than some furnished me 
from Dublin; and I believe that such comparisons of the shapes most 
