MINERALS AND GEOLOGY OF CANADA. 193 
is occasionally taken for coal ; but although chemically of the nature 
of certain varieties of this substance, it differs from it geologically, 
-and essentially, by never occuring in true or workable beds, but only 
in irregular masses and narrow veins of no utility. Its ash does not 
exhibit any traces of vegetable structure, as seen in the ashes of all 
ordinary coals. 
The following are the more important economic substances of the 
Quebec Group.* a) Copper Ores :—These comprise chiefly the 
yellow or common Pyrites, Purple Pyrites, and Copper Glance, occa- 
sionally mixed with small portions of native copper and native silver. 
The ores occur in large irregular or lenticular masses, or in beds, and 
yield from eight to about eighteen per cent. of metal. Workable 
quantities are known to exist in the townships of Acton, Upton, 
Wickham, Durham, St. Flavien, Leeds, Cleveland, Melbourne, Sutton, 
Chester, Ham, and Garthby; and indications of copper occur in 
many other localities of this metamorphic region. 6) Gold :—Indi- 
cations of gold have been met with near the Chandiére Rapids, and 
in a quartz vein in the township of Leeds. The gold of the alluvial 
districts will be referred to in connexion with the economic substances 
of the Drift Formation, as it occurs in the deposits of this latter age. 
¢) Chromic Iron Ore :—(In beds in serpentine: townships of Ham, 
Bolton, and Melbourne. Mount Albert: Schickshock Mountains of 
Gaspé). d) Hematitic and Magnetic Iron Ores :—(in beds: town- 
ships of Brome and Sutton). e) Galena ;—(Sutton, Chaudiére 
Valley). £) Carbonate of Magnesia, Soapstone, and Potstone :— 
(Sutton, Bolton). yg) Marble ;—(Parish of St. Armand (white, 
black, &c). St. Joseph (red, with white veins). ) Serpentine and 
Serpentine-Maréle :— (Mount Albert, Gaspé; St. Joseph, Beauce 
Co.; townships of Oxford, Melbourne, &c). 72) Roofing Slates :— 
(Melbourne, Cleveland, Oxford, Tring, Kingsey. Walton’s quarry, 
near Richmond (Melbourne township), is in active operation. The 
cost of the slates delivered and loaded on the cars at Richmond, is 
four dollars per 100 square feet for those of large size (24in. x 12), and 
two and a quarter dollars for the smaller size (1lin. x 6). j) Whet- 
stones :—(Stanstead, Hatley, Bolton, Kingsey). 
Calciferous Strata of Lake Superior:—These strata form the 
* The reader will find various details of much interest on the copper mines, slate quar= 
ries, &c., of the Eastern Townships and other counties of the Quebec Formation, in the 
Beer Catalozue of the Economic Minerals of Canada in the London International 
Exhibition of 1863, by Sir W. E. Logan, 
