MINERALS AND GEOLOGY OF CANADA. 203 
Tourmente and Cape Aux Rets; on the Gouffre river; in the seignory 
of Les Eboulemens; at Murray Bay; and at Lake St. John on the 
Saguenay. These localities of the Trenton Group in Eastern Canada, 
with others of less importance, are described very fully in Sir William 
Logan’s Revised Report on the geology of the Province. 
The Utica Formation :—This subdivision (named after the City of 
Utica in the State of New York) is generally known as the Utica 
Slate Formation. It comprises a series of dark-brown bituminous 
shales, interstratified here and there with a few beds of dark lime- 
stone. The shales weather light-grey, and yield by decomposition a 
soil of much fertility. In Western Canada, the entire thickness of 
the formation is under one hundred feet; but in parts of Canada 
East, it is at least three times that amount. Considerable difficulty, 
however, is experienced in separating the Utica beds from the over- 
lying deposits of the Hudson River Group, and sometimes, also, from 
the underlying Trenton strata—certain fossils ranging throughout the 
three groups, and beds of passage occurring likewise between these. 
Anthracitic matter, as in many other of our rock formations, is occa- 
sionally found in thin coatings on the surface of the shale beds. In 
some districts, as in the townships of Collingwood and Whitby, C. W., 
these shales are sufficiently bituminous to yield profitable amounts of 
mineral oil and gas for illuminating purposes. The Collingwood 
shales have afforded about twenty gallons of oil to the ton; but the 
distilleries of that place have now ceased working, chiefly in conse- 
quence of the large and cheap supply of mineral oil furnished to 
commerce by the “oil-wells”’ of the West. 
The following figures exhibit the more characteristic fossils of the 
Utica formation. 
HAUT cae 
wy) 
ly 
? 
7 
Wy 
Ys 
“aM 
ae 
7 
Fig. 198.—Graptolithus pristis Fig. 199.—Lingula Fig. 200.—T'riarthrus Beckt 
(Hisinger). obtusa, (Hall.) * (Green). 
