REVIEWS—GEOLOGICAL EVIDENCES OF MAN’S ANTIQUITY. 383 
other species of the elephart, the Rhinoceros tichorinus, Hippopota- 
mus major, Equus fossilis, Cave-Lion (Kelis spelea), Cave-Hyena 
(Hyena speleea), Cavern-Bear (Ursus speleus), Trish Elk, &c.; and 
on this continent, the mammoth, mastodon, megatherium, mylodon, 
snegalonyx, glyptodon, and others. In some parts of Evrope, more 
especially in the valleys of the Somme and Oise in north-western 
France, and in parts of Suffolk, Bedford, Essex, Kent, and Surrey, in 
England, remains of these extinct elephantine and other species have 
been discovered in gravel, or similar deposits, associated with knife- 
‘blades and other flint implements of rude form. This of itself would 
not absolutely prove the contemporaneity of the extinct mammals, and 
Man; but the flint weapons in many cases lie deeper in the earth 
than some of the animal bones ; and these latter are occasionally seen 
to have been cut (when in a fresh state) by instruments of a compa- 
ratively rude construction. The weight of evidence, therefore, is 
strongly in favour of the view, that Man was actually a denizen of 
the earth long before the mammoth and its congeners became extinct. 
A link, and that an important one, in this train of evidence, it is true, 
is yet wanting. No human bones have hitherto been discovered with 
these flint rmplements and extinct remains in the gravel deposits 
of the above localities.* Several causes have been assigned to account 
for this apparent discrepancy, but none are of a very satisfactory cha- 
racter. Nevertheless, under other, though at the same time closely 
related conditions, human remains have been met with somewhat 
abundantly in intimate association with the bones of extinct mammals, 
‘This occurs, for example, in numerous caverns, in which the organic 
matters have been preserved from final decomposition by a protecting 
‘layer of stalagmite. But here, again, it might be urged that the 
bones, with which these caverns are filled, are not of contemporaneous 
origin. In some instances this is undoubtedly the fact. The caverns 
‘often formed the lairs of wild animals, the bones of which, with those 
of their prey, are imbedded in the stalagmitic matters of the floor. 
But in many localities the human bones are so mixed with those of 
felide and other animals, as to leave but little doubt of the contem- 
_poraneous origin of the whole. If an accidental tooth of the mam- 
moth, a solitary skull of the cavern bear, or scattered bones, only, of 
‘the cave-hyena or lion, were mingled with the human relics, we might 
* Since the above was written, the discovery of a human jaw-bone in the gravel pit of 
Moulin-Quignon, near Abbeville, has been announced: but the assumed antiquity of this 
bone is exceedingly doubtful. 
