REVIEWS — GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 277 



extract the oil and water, and then drying the pressed mass thoroughly, 

 and grinding it to powder. One hundred parts of offal are said to 

 yield about twenty-two parts of powder, of which from four to five 

 tons are daily produced in the manufactory at Concarneau. The 

 powder, according to Mr. Hunt, averaged, in 1854, about $37 the ton, 

 and is now probably of greater value. M. Demolon, the proprietor of 

 the Concarneau works, has likewise established a manufactory of a 

 similar kind at Kerpon on the coast of Newfoundland, which produces 

 from cod refuse an annual yield of 8,000 or 10,000 tons of portable 

 manure. Of late years also, Mr. Duncan Bruce of Gaspe has en- 

 deavoured to introduce the manufacture of fish-manure into Canada. 

 He mixes the dried fish-remains with the products of distillation of a 

 bituminous shale, and with the calcined residue of this shale, but the 

 utility of this mixture seems to be, at least, questionable. In summing 

 up his observations, Mr. Hunt remarks, " the results which we have thus 

 given clearly shew that by the application of a process similar to that now 

 applied in France and in Newfoundland, which consists in cooking the 

 fish, pressing it to extract oil and water, drying by artificial heat, and 

 grinding it to powder, it is easy to prepare a concentrated portable 

 manure, whose value, as a source of phosphoric acid and ammonia, 

 will be in round numbers about $40 the ton. We can scarcely doubt 

 that by the application of this process a new source of profit may be 

 found in the fisheries of the Gulf, which will not only render us inde- 

 pendent of foreign guano, now brought into the Province to some 

 extent, but will enable us to export large quantities of a most valuable 

 concentrated manure, at prices which will be found remunerative." 

 There seems to be no reason why our fisheries of the "West should 

 not also be able to maintain, to a certain extent, manufactories 

 of this manure. 



The Report of Lieut. Ashe, R. N., contains the results of a series 

 of operations undertaken by him at the request of Sir William Logan, 

 for the determination of the correct longitude of Quebec by reference 

 to that of Cambridge Observatory in the United States ; and the longi- 

 tude of Montreal, Ottawa, Kingston, Toronto, CoUingwood, Windsor, 

 and Chicago, respectively, by reference to that of Quebec, — the deter- 

 minations being effected essentially by the direct transmission of sig- 

 nals along the wires of the electric telegraph. Between Chicago and 

 Quebec, the signals were transmitted without intermediate repetition^ 

 " via Toledo, Cleveland, Buffalo, Toronto, and Montreal, a distance of 



