GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY. 321 



longitude 9*7° 30' west. Here we found it forming the upper part of several iso- 

 lated elevations known as the " Smoky Hills," at an altitude of about 1200 feet 

 above the Missouri at Fort Leavenworth. At this locality, however, we saw no 

 rocks overlying it, and consequently have no sfratigraphical evidence that it is 

 the same rock seen by us at other localities under Cretaceous beds ; but our litho- 

 logical and palteontological evidence is quite conclusive on this point, for this rock 

 in color, composition, and all other respects, is undistinguishable from No. 1, of 

 the Nebraska section, as seen near the mouth of Big Sioux river on the Missouri, 

 and contains numerous fossil leaves, some of which are identical with those occur- 

 ring in No. 1, at the last mentioned localities. Amongst these leaves Dr. Newber- 

 ry has also identified at least one genusf {Ettingshausiania) peculiar to the Creta- 

 ceous system, 



Bearing in mind that all the roeks here have a gentle but uniform inclination or 

 dip to the north west ; and that the formation under consideration consists of red 

 and yellowish sandstones, and colored clays, with generally more or less impure 

 lignite and ferruginous concretions, we will be prepared to recognize it at lower 

 and lower elevations as we proceed northward. 



Without undertaking to mention in detail the intermediate exposures, we will 

 pass northward at once to localities where it has been seen beneath Cretaceous 

 rocks by three different observers at various times ; this is near the Kansas and 

 Nebraska line — latitude 40° north, and in the vicinity of 9^7° of west longitude. 

 Here at an elevation of above seven hundred feet above the Missouri at Fort 

 Leavenworth, or some five hundred feet below the level of the exposures mention- 

 ed at the Smoky Hills, our deceased friend, Mr. Henry Prattan, saw near Wyeth's 

 creek, in 1853, the following exposures in descending order: 



1st. Slope, thickness not given. 



2nd. Yellow and whitish limestone filled with casts j 



of Inoceramus, referred by him to /. myteloides y No. 3, Nebi-aska Sec. 

 =/. problematicus. J 



3rd. Slope, thickness not given. No. 2, Nebraska Sec. 



4th. Red ferruginous sandstone with leaves of di- ) >t . -j^ , -a«lca Sec 

 cotyledonous trees. ) 



A short distance west of this exposure Dr. J. G. Cooper informs us he saw 

 outcrops of red sandstone in the valleys at about the same elevation ; and above 

 this, exposures of dark gray laminated clay answering exactly the description of 

 No. 2, of the Nebraska section, while above the latter, near the tops of the hills, 

 he met with outcrops of light colored limestone containing numerous casts of 

 Inoceranius. 



At other localities not far to the southwest of the foregoing, Mr. Hawn saw ex- 

 posures of light coloured limestone forty -five feet in thickness, containing great 

 numbers o( Inoceratmts which we referred, from specimens sent by him, to /. prob- 

 lematicus. Below this there was a slope of twenty-seven feet in which he saw no 

 exposures, while still lower he observed outcrops of dark ferruginous and yellow 

 sandstone, and various colored clays with impressions of leaves resembling, as he 

 supposed, those of oaks and willows. (See his section published by us in the 

 Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Pnlladelphia, May, 18.57.) 



