EARLY NOTICES OF THE BEAVER. 359 



IMPV ■ CAESS - - - Imp[eratoribus] CsesCaribus] 



i • SEPT- SEVEBO PIO - - L[ucio] Sept[imio] Severe Pio 



PERTINACI AVG ■ ABABfCO - Pertinaci Aus[usto] Arabico 



ADIABENICO PABTHICO MAXI ■ Adiabenico Parthico Maxi[mo] 

 COS III ET M • AVREL • ANTONINO PIO - Consul! tertium et M[arco] Aurel[io] An- 



tonino Pio 

 CO&ll AUG-ET P-SEPT- GETAE N- OAES' COS' Con suli secundum Aug[usto] et 



P[ublio] Sept[imio] Getse NLobilissimo] 

 C8es[ari] consuli* 

 PORTAM CVM MURIS VETVSTATE DI - portam cum muris vetustate di 

 LAPSIS IVSSV ALFEN SENECINIS V-C- - lapsis jussu Alfen[i3 Seneci[o]uis VCiri] 



Cnarissimi] 

 COS CURANTE OCLATINI ADVENTO PRO Consularis curante Oclatini[o] Advent© 



pro[curatore] 

 AUGG NN COH I VANGON OPES - Aug[ustorum] n[ostrorum] cob[ors] pri- 

 ma VangLi]on[um] o[peribus] pfer] 

 f[ecti]s 

 CVM AEMI SALVIAN TRIE - - cum ^mi[lio] Salvian[o] tribruno]t 



SVO A SOLO RESTI - - sue a solo resti[tuitj. 



EAELT NOTICES OF THE BEAVER, IN EUROPE AND 



AMERICA. 



BT DANIEL WILSON, LL.D., 



'PEOBESSOE OF HISTORY AND ENGLISH LITEEATUEE, XTNIVEESITT COLLEGE, TOEONTO. 



Read before the Canadian Institute, 4itli December, 1858. 



By common consent the beaver appears to have been recognised at 

 a comparatively early date, as one of the most characteristic Canadian 

 emblems, and it now shares with the maple-leaf such heraldic signi- 

 ficance as pertains to our provincial cognizance. It is scarcely 

 necessary, however, to observe that neither an exclusively Canadian 

 nor American nativity can be assumed for this animal. It is referred 

 to in the laws of the ancient Britons under the name of Llosllydan y 



* Henzen {Index, p. 72,) gives a.d. 202, seqq., as the date of this inscription ; but this is 

 impossible, according to his reading, for CaracaUa was not COS II until 205. This latter 

 year I regard as the date, although COS III of Severus and COS II of Caracalla extended 

 over 205-207. But if the year had been 206 or 207, we should have had, I think, the tribuni- 

 tial number (TRIE. POT.) of either Severus (soil, xiiii. or xv.), or Caracalla (scii. viiii. or x.), 

 or of both. I am not satisfied, however, as to the accuracy of the copies, which I have seen, 

 and would suggest a careful re-examination of the stone. 



t Lucius JEmilius Salvianus was already known as tribune of the 1st Cohort of the 

 Vangiones from an altar, found at Risingham, the inscription on which is given hy 

 Horsley. n^ Ixxii, Northumberlaud. 



