THE QUIGRICH. 439 



I have not been much troubled with it in that way, except for dis- 

 eases of cattle. Two men, who had sick cattle, came to get water of 

 it for them ; but I never inquired whether it cured them or not." 

 On another point, also, he adds : " The meaning of the word Quig- 

 rich I do not know ; neither do I know whether it is a Gaelic word 

 or not." 



In the name Quegrich, by which the Crozier of St. Fillan is desig- 

 nated in the Charter of James III., I am inclined to suspect a 

 descriptive memorial of its historical association with The King, as 

 Robert the Bruce was, par excellence, long after the days of his Royal 

 descendant James III. Possibly it compounds with Righ, an old 

 form of cuag, and signifies the King's Crook ; as it might well be 

 designated after the miraculous interposition on the Bruce's behalf, 

 recorded in the Acta Sanctorum. The proper generic name of such 

 symbols of pastoral oversight and rule, has been made the subject of 

 some difference of opinion. "With the usual derivation of Crozier 

 from F. croix, it has been assumed that this is properly the superior 

 pastoral staff or cross. But while we have the Medieval Latin : 

 cambutta for the crozier, we have the corresponding crocia for the 

 pastoral staff; and it is more probable that our crozier, or chief- 

 pastor's crook, is derived directly from the A.S. cryc Du. crook, 

 equally with the shepherd's crook ; as in the description of the Arch- 

 deacon, in the Freres Tale of Chaucer : — 



Por smale tithes and smale offering, 

 He made the peple pitously sing ; 

 Por er the bishop lieiit hem with liis crook, 

 They weren in the archedekens book. 



In Celtic Scotland, the simple latin haculus was converted into 

 bachul easpuig, the bishop's staff; bachul mohr, the big staff; and 

 the corresponding bachall is used throughout the ancient Irish M.SS., 

 not only to denote the crozier of a bishop, abbot, or abbess, but also 

 the penitential staff of a pilgrim ; and it is much more likely that the 

 pastoral staff of the Abbot and Apostle of Strathfillan resembled, in 

 material as well as form, a primitive shepherd's crook, than that he 

 bore about with him in his missionary wanderings among the wild 

 Pagans of Loch Tay such a tempting relic as that which has so long 

 helped to associate his name and fame with the scene of his early and 

 self-denying labours. Again we find the crozier presented by St. 

 Columba of lona, to St. Kentigern, the first Bishop of Glasgow, de- 



