PHYSIOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY. 19 



upon the ability to acquisition, of the healthy state of the nervous 

 system, of blood circulation, and of nutrition, how important is equal 

 attention, in education, to health and strength of body and mind. 



And we can appreciate more and moi-e, from the position of a 

 correct undei'standing of this relation, the influence upon health, that 

 is, upon mental and bodily strength, of scientific sanitation, and, 

 what may not be so manifest, its influence upon morality. The 

 London Commissioners pointed out, a few years ago, that the tendency 

 in the lower pai'ts of London to gin-drinking was owing mainly to 

 the depression of the physical system caused by impure atmosphere. 

 The teaching and practice of temperance philanthi'opy are not yet 

 sufficiently scientific. 



Nothing could be of greater importance to the practical purposes 

 of life than a just apprehension of the influence which the body 

 exercises over the conceptions of the mind. Orandtcm est ut sit 

 mens sana in corjoore sano. Happiness is the chief good of man. 

 And the highest happiness has as its most necessai-y condition such 

 a state of physical and mental health as will allow a free field for 

 the exercise of the highest powers which we possess. 



* * * * * * >¥ 



No theory is here given as to the exact relation that exists be- 

 tween Mind and Body. What it has been attempted to ui-ge and 

 illustrate is, that the mind and body can only be thoroughly under- 

 stood when studied together, as correlatives or complements, and 

 that Psychology and Physiology can only surely advance when they 

 advance hand in hand. 



There is not room here to trace the history of the growth of the 

 recognition of some connection between mind and body, however 

 variously dealt with and explained, from its first crude acknowledg- 

 ment down to the later developments, which have been in the 

 direction of materialism, though a modified materialism, somewhat 

 short of the position which one wi-iter says is the prevailing one,, 

 that mind and matter, the two sets of properties, are but one sub- 

 stance with two sides — a double-faced unity. 



Materialism came as a reaction wherever it appeared. And reac- 

 tions run to extremes. Locke's doubt as to the materiality of the 

 soul, while it woke Kant from his " dogmatic slumber," and thus 

 produced the most profound system of philosophy yet elaborated, on 



