THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE AMERICAN LANGUAGES. 59 



Fi'om this we see that the Greenland attatak (father) becomes in 

 Kadiac adaga, in Tchuktchi atta, and in Aleutan attan, in Unalaska 

 attak ; annanah (mother) becomes in Unalaska annak, in Kadiac 

 anaha, in Aleutan ancean ; arkseit (hand) becomes in Kadiac eshet, 

 in Aleuban tsha ; ingnek (fire) becomes in Kadiac knok, in Tchuktchi 

 annak ; immek (water) becomes in Tchuktchi mok, in Kadiac mooe ; 

 ujarak (stone) becomes in Tchuktchi aigach ; oonooak (night) becomes 

 in Tchuktchi unjak ; keuteetka (tooth) becomes in Tchiiktchi gutyk, 

 in Kadiac chudyt ; attowseak (one) becomes in Kadiac attauden, in 

 Unalaskan atoken, in Aleutan attakon ; ardlek (two) becomes in 

 Aleutan alluk, in Unalaskan arlok ; pingahuke (three) becomes in 

 Tchuktchi pinajut ; sittamat (four) becomes in Tchuktchi istamat, in 

 Kadiac stamik ; kollit (ten) becomes in Kadiac kulen, in Tchuktchi 

 kulle ; ekkcdoo (fish) becomes in Tchuktchi ssaljuk. From this 

 examination of the Greenland and Hudson's Bay Eskimo, the 

 Eskimo of Kotzebue's Sound, the Tchuktchi, Kadiac, Unalaskan and 

 Aleutan, we see that they have all sprung from one common stock ; 

 that the language of Greenland and Hudson's Bay approaches the 

 nearest to what must have been the common tongue of the primitive 

 stem from which they have all separated. And moreover I believe 

 that the separation of these tongues from the parent stock took place 

 in America, not in Asia. A comparison with the Tungusian, the 

 Koriak, and other languages of north-eastern Asia, reveals many 

 affinities which tend to show that these also are derivative languages,' 

 bat have suffered much more change than the other members of this 

 primitive family. The Kamtschatka tongue bears upon its face the 

 evidence of great corruption and loss of words, and replenishino- from 

 other and less cognate dialects, but there is still pi-oof enough to con- 

 nect it with the great northern American family. 



I believe also that the Lapps, Samoiedes, and the whole so-called 

 " Mongolian " peoples are related to the peoples of northern America ; 

 that their languages have had a common origin, and that the seat of 

 the primitive stock was in America. The long period which must 

 have elapsed since their separation must necessarily have worked 

 -great changes among the numerous languages of this family, but 

 there yet exist many distinct evidences of their common linguistic 

 origin. 



In proposing the origin of the Mongolian Peninsular Asiatic and 

 languages of Asia from America, I believe I am offering a fair 



