THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE AMERICAN LANGUAGES. 75 



gar the ' black strait.' The primitive meaning of Hamath is pro- 

 bably the very opposite of Haemus and Himalaya (snowy, white,) 

 being most likely the same as Ham, Khem, " the dark one, the black 

 one " (see I Chi'on. ii., 55). 



Bunbury (Hist. Anc. Georg., 1879, Vol. I., p. 505, note) states 

 that the resemblance of the name of the " Cathaei " of the Punjaub 

 to the name " Cathay " is purely fortuitous. "With regard to the 

 ^' Kitai," Dr. Gustav Oppert says: — "The home of the Kitai is to 

 be found in those mountainous regions in the north of Corea, whence 

 all the rulers of China descended to the plains, as in later times did 

 the Niutche and the Mandjii " ("The Kitai and Kai-a-Kitai," Journ* 

 Anthrop. Inst., 1869-70, Vol. II.). So if the Ahitai and the Hittite^ 

 are one and the same people, they, along with the rest of the Mongols, 

 may have come over from America. Prof. Campbell, in his papers 

 on " Asiatic Tribes in America," has endeavoured to connect the 

 Ainos and certain American tribes in respect to their languages, and 

 the inference to be drawn from his remarks is that the Ainos are 

 Mongols. But Scheube (Die Ainos, p. 3) says : — "I cannot discover 

 the Mongol type in the Ainos ;" and D. P. Penhallow (Canad. 

 Record- of Science, 1886, Vol. III., No. 2, p. I'iS,) concludes an 

 article upon these interesting people with the remark that " the pre- 

 vailing view is that they are distinctly Aryan." Dallas (Journ. 

 Anthrop. Inst., Nov., 1885,) says: — "There seems to be now. no 

 doubt that the language of the Ainos has not the slightest affinity 

 with the lanojuaojes of the neighbouring Mongolian races." It mav 

 be that they are an Aryan tribe that has adopted a non-Aryan 

 language; their connection with the American Indian has not, I 

 think, been proved. 



The topographical evidence by which Prof. Campbell would con- 

 nect the Hittites with America does not, after careful examination, 

 bear the construction which he puts upon it, and the philological 

 evidence which he adduces seems to be singularly unfortunate. In 

 his paper " On Some Phonetic Laws in the Khitan Languages," he 

 claims to have discovered a sort of Grimm's law amongst the so-called 

 " Khitan " tongues. It cannot be admitted that he has proved the 

 existence of such a law. A more complete knowledge of the various 

 American languages in themselves is necessary before such extensive 

 phonological rules can be laid down. The Basque hilargia (moon) is 



