GEOLOGY IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 125 



The Council announced the election of the following as 

 Associates : — A. F. Wickson, Ernest Wilby, D. A. Hewitt, 

 W. C. Tilley, W. L. Symons, J. P, Hynes, Harry Sproatt, 

 Henry Simpson, J. F. Brown, F. H. Herbert, F. Otter, Charles 

 Langley, G. T. Goldstone, F. F. Mallany, W. A. Smith. 



The following were elected members : — T. M. Logic, B.A., 

 W. B. Ewing, James G. Ramsay, J. B. Millar, Edward Thomas 

 Carter, Gerald Fitzgerald, W. W. Fox, E. R. Parkhurst, Dr. 

 John Hall, Charles B. Petry. 



Mr. James T. B. Ives, F.G.S., read a paper on " Geology in 

 the Public Schools," of which the following is an abstract :—r 



The author produced evidence that Ontario possesses vast mineral 

 resources ; and that those resources are not receiving the attention 

 which they demand ; that the dissemination of geological knowledse 

 would promote their development ; and further, that the Public 

 School system of the province is adapted to secure such dissemina- 

 tion. At the close he exhibited an appliance, designed to assist the 

 Public School teacher in conveying to the minds of his scholars the 

 first pi'inciples of structural geology : — 



"It is designated the Strata Map and consists of several layers, or 

 strata, of variously coloured cardboard or other suitable material, 

 hinged in the form of a book or otherwise put together. The^ SU- 

 PERPOSITION of the STRATA of the earth's crust is represented 

 by that of the layers of the map ; and it is thus seen that the order 

 of succession of the Jormations cannot be reversed although either 

 may be absent. 



" Portions of all the strata, excepting the lowest, are removed 

 according to a definite plan ; a larger proportion being removed the 

 higher the stratum occurs in the series. By this means a pattern is 

 produced corresponding with the geological map of the area i-epre- 

 sented. It being pointed out that the exposure of the several 

 geological formations is due to an analogous cause operating in 

 nature ; a correct and comprehensive conception is obtained, of the 

 nature and operation, of the phenomenon known to geologists as 

 DENUDATION. 



" Where, in descending order, the successive strata make their 

 appearance projecting beyond those by which they are ovei'laid, 



