GEOLOGY IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 127 



"The LITHOLOGY of the various formations may be described 

 thereon, whether limestones, sandstones or clays, &c., and whether 

 used, or capable of being used, in the arts and manufactures. 



"The localities where economic MINERALS occur may be indi- 

 cated by numbers corresponding to a key in the margin of the map 

 in which those occurring in the area are enumerated. 



"The THICKNESS of the beds represented may be expressed in 

 feet whei-e known. Where, by well boiing or otherwise, it has been 

 ascertained that certain subteri-anean strata are absent in a particu- 

 lar locality, corresponding portions of the stratum affected may be 

 cut away or a note to the effect placed thereon. 



" By cutting away portions of the strata at the margin a LEDGER 

 INDEX is formed similar to that of an alphabetically indexed 

 account book showing the colours of all the strata in succession. On 

 these spaces the names of the several formations represented are 

 written, and their approximate maximum thickness within the area 

 represented is stated." 



Besides the survey map of the Dominion, geologically coloured, he 

 illustrated his subject by means of an outline map of the province, 

 on which he had indicated by distinctive colours the various minerals 

 at present worked or known to exist, in localities ranging from the 

 County of Carleton in the east to the Lake of the Woods in the west. 

 In evidence of the variety and wide distribution of the minei'als of 

 Ontario, he quoted the reports of the Geological Survey, the Bureau 

 of industries, Ontario, and a valuable synopsis, compiled by Mr. H. 

 B. Small, of Ottawa. The same authorities were cited in proof that 

 this Industry is not receiving due attention, and the sketch map on 

 which he had indicated the known localities was appealed to, as 

 showing how much of the province still remains untouched by the 

 miner. He showed how the dissemination of a knowledge of strati- 

 fication and its attendant phenomena would check useless and waste- 

 ful operations, and at the same time promote judicious prospecting 

 and mining. He looked to the diffusion of such knowledge as 

 a wholesome bar to the spirit of mere speculation at present so rife 

 here, as well as in the States. The author advocated the introduction 

 of geology into the Public Schools, not as a separate subject, but as 

 an expansion of geography, in its physical branch, contending that 

 the latter cannot be taught intelligently or intelligibly without ex- 



