UMBRIA CAPTA. 227 



the termination "imi, me, am, om, representing as those monosyllables 

 do the first jjersonal ])rononn in Gaelic. 



The preterite tense, Indicative, Active, of modern Irish verbs is 

 thus declined, e. g., mol-aim, I praise 



Singular. Plural. 



1. Mhol-as. 1. Mhol-amar. 



2. Mhoi-ais. 2. Mhol-abhar. 



3. Mholse. 3. Mhol-adar. 



There are to be found in the Umbrian Tables several words with 

 terminations similar to those of the plural which has now been 

 given e. g. 



Fisier, bhiomar, we were, or bhiobhar, you were. ' 



Arsmor, arsa mar, we said. 



Totape'>', Totar, tath-abhar^ you joined. 



Suriir, shaor-abhar, you freed. 



Tuer, thaobh-abhar, you sided. 



Serfia,r, shearbh-abhar, yon embittered. 



yfotar, mhoid-abhar, you vowed. 



Nonmeper, dh-aom-abhar, you inclined. 

 Nomnpper is a verb that occurs frequently in the Inscriptions. 

 It is doubtless the second person plural, past indicative, active of 

 aom, I incline, aomaim. Zeuss contends that nu or no prefixed to a 

 verb is the mark of a completed action. In this manner, the presence, 

 of n in nomneper, standing as it does for nu or no, can be satisfactorily 

 explained. Pictet in his well-known book to which reference has 

 been made already, remarks (p. 152.) "that the second person plural 

 of Irish verbs has two suffixes which are commonly vised, thaol and 

 bhar." The second Irish form bhar which has, I believe, no analogy 

 in any other European language is employed in the present, the past 

 and the future, e. g., Mealabhar, you deceive ; Mealfabhar, you will 

 deceive ; thangabhar, you came." Accoi'ding to the high authority 

 of Pictet, therefore, bhar as the termination of the second person 

 plural of verbs is confined to the Celtic languages. The words which 

 have been already adduced along with other words in the Inscriptions 

 that may fairly be construed and expanded in a similar manner, 

 clearly lead to the conclusion, that bhar as the termination of the 

 second person plural of verbs is to be found frequently in the 

 Umbrian Tables, and that additional evidence is thereby furnished in 

 favour of their purely Gaelic character. 



