umbria capta. 237 



Summary of the Umbrian Narrative. 



The Perscli, a generic title, embracing most of the tribes of West- 

 ern Yenetia and Transjiadana, who did not belong to the Cenomani 

 or to the Insubres, loi-med the Umbrian army of occupation in those 

 regions. The tiibes composing the Perscli appointed the general of 

 the whole army by rotation. When the turn of the Asseriates of 

 Venetia to elect a general came round, they nominated one of them- 

 selves who bore the name Parfa. The other tribes were not pleased 

 at the election of Parfa, because they wished to retain their former 

 general, whose name was Appei. The army revolted under Appei, 

 and was favoured in so doing by the city Concordia, which though 

 Celtic in origin, tvas under the joint jurisdiction of Pisa and Luna. 

 Appei and his insurgents, joined by the Taurisci, Flamonienses, 

 Isarci, Cenomani, and other tribes eager to be free from paying 

 tribute to Herti, sacked Tai-visum in Venetia, which stood in 

 friendly relations to Parfa, as a matter of revenge ; and then passing 

 into Transpadana took possession of Tetellus where they established 

 themselves. Encouraged by this revolt, the Insubres who had joined 

 Appei and had doubtless been incited by him, marched southward to 

 the Padus, pursuing the fugitives from Tetellus. Herti, gathering 

 an army in Umbria, marched northward and defeated the ravagers 

 at Brixellum. jSTevertheless, the subseqiient history shows that a 

 large body of the Insubres still remained in Cispadana, north X)f the- 

 country of the Apuans. 



The time was one of general upheaval. The Populonians of Etruria 

 took advantage of it to extend their colonial system, attempting to 

 gain the Apuans and Vicumnians of Liguria and succeeding in detach- 

 ing from Umbria the Adrians and Fiscaglians of Venetia, and in 

 taking possession of Edro; at the same time inciting the mischievous 

 Concordians to make trouble in the north. One of the tribes most 

 hurtful to Umbrian interests was that of the Triumpilini who dwelt 

 north of Brixia. They endeavoured to withdraw from their alle- 

 giance, but with very partial success the Vicumnians, Ticinates, and 

 Boii. However, they succeeded, in withdrawing Brixia and its 

 colony Verona. 



The Crabovian tribes, in whose country the Roman colony of Cre- 

 mona was situated, thought the time favourable for reconquering 

 their ancient seat, and besieging Cremona, called for the aid of the 



