198 PAPERS RELATING TO NATURAL HISTORY. 



bleaching. — e. Economical applications of refuse, «.§•., as manure. Non-atten- 

 tion to these essentials or accessories the general cause of failure in experiment • 

 cost and difficulty of pulping and bleaching chief obstacles to use of abundant 

 and cheap fibres. 



6, Abundance of fibre-producing plants throughout the world. — a. Home re- 

 sources. — Present non-utilisation of properties and products of common weeds.^ 

 —b. Our colonies as new fields of produce and export. " West India Hemp and 

 General Fibre Company"; " Guiana Textile Association"; resources of Indiai 

 Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Brazil, &c. 



Part II. — Illustrations op Plants yielding Fibre suitable for Paper 

 MAKING.— I. Flowering Plants. (Phanerogamia.)—!. Flax Famili/.— Flax ; 

 lint; tow; flax cotton; Jackson's flax paper. — Cultivation of flax in Scotland 

 and Ireland ; Irish Flax Co. — Proposed cultivation in India ; memorial of 

 Chamber of Commerce, Dundee. 



2. Nettle Family.— a. Common hemp; Russia and Poland as chief fields of 

 export; proposed cultivation in our colonies. — b. Indian hemp. — c. Common 

 nettle ; nettle muslin in Ireland ; use of fibre in Holland and Germany. — 



d. Common hop ; hop-bine. — e. China grass fibre.—/. Neilgherry nettle of 

 India. 



3. Mallow Family. — a. Cotton ; scarcity in America ; proposed cultivation in, 

 India, Africa, kc.—b. Garden hollyhock ; patents of Mr. Niven of Keir Gardens, 

 Stirling. — c. Marsh Mallow of Jamaica. — d. Common Mallow; tree Mallow. — 



e. " Cuba bast " of gardeners. 



4. Grass Family. — a. Straw of oat, wheat, and other cereals. Straw printing 

 and wrapping papers ; straw note paper ; disadvantages of straw paper ; 

 Coupler's and Mellier's patent ; Drayton's patent. — b. Twitch or couch grass ; 

 Jeyes' patent. — c. Mat grass ; cord grass ; mountain melic grass ; rye grass or 

 darnel ; oat-like grass ; cock's foot grass ; canary grass ; crested dog's tail 

 grass ; sea reed, marram, or matweed. — d. Common hay ; Antisell's patent. — 

 e. "Esparte" of Spain.—/. Bamboo. — g. Sugar-cane; "megass" or "spent 

 cane;" "cane trash." — h. Chinese sugar cane. — i. Maize or Indian corn, — 

 k. Rice straw ; China. — I. Tussac grass of Falkland Islands. 



5. Lime Tree Family. — a. Common lime or linden tree : " Russian bast." — 

 b. Basswood of United States and Canada — c. Jute ; Gunny or rice bags of 

 India ; Smith and Holdsworth's patent. 



6. Thistle Family — a. Common thistle ; cotton thistle ; Lord Berriedale's 

 patent; thistle paper in France. — b. Burdock; coltsfoot; Irish patent. — c. Cud- 

 weed, or " everlasting flower," of United States and Canada ; Andres' patent. 

 — d. Common Mugwort. — e. Sunflower ; experiments at Erith.— /. Jerusalem 

 artichoke. — g. Ragweed, or groundsel. 



7. Pea and Bean Family.— a. Common field pea and bean ; stalk or straw ; 

 " pea shells ; " everlasting pea. — b. Common broom ; Niven'a patent.— c. Com- 

 mon field clover. — d. Liquorice root of Pontefract. 



8. Plantain or Banana Family.— a. Common plantain. — b. Common banana, 

 of West and East Indies. — c. Manilla hemp : West Indies and United States* 



