AN EXPOSITION AND CRITICISM. 317 



ing law of duty, and of our being the morally accountable authors of 

 our actions (I. p. 33; Discussions, pp. 623-4). This fact is indeed 

 positively inconceivable : for (1) not only does the Law of the Con- 

 ditioned in Time, under the form of the Law of Causality, render im- 

 possible the conception of an absolute origination ; but (2) while on 

 the one hand the determination of the will by motives can be con- 

 ceived only as a necessitation which would render moral accountability 

 impossible, on the other hand a motiveless volition would be quite as 

 worthless morally. (Ibid). Still the Law of the Conditioned is a 

 law not of things, but merely of thought ; and as its necessity in 

 thought arises not from a power, but from a powerlessness of the 

 mind, it cannot subvert the positive testimony of consciousness to the 

 fact that we are free (Jlid.) 



SECOND DIVISION OF PHILOSOPHY— NOMOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY. 

 This division of philosofthy investigates the mental phenomena with 

 the view of discovering not their contingent appearances, but their 

 necessary and universal laws ; and consequently, like the first division, 

 it may be subdivided iu accordance with the three-fold distribution of 

 the mental phenomena. 



FIRST PART OF NOMOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY. — NOMOLOGY OF THE 



COGNITIONS. 



Of the laws by which the Cognitive faculties in general are regulated 

 we have no one science, though for such a science the name Gnoseo- 

 logy or Gnostology would not be unsuitable. Of the laws of Percep- 

 tion the science, if it existed, might be called Aesthetic, had that 

 name not been already usurped by another. The science of the laws 

 of Memory has been elaborated in numerous treatises under the name 

 of Mnemonic ; but it might equally well be called Anamnestic or the 

 art of Recollection. Neither the laws of the Representative, nor those 

 of the Regulative faculty have been reduced to scientific system, 

 though on the latter of these we have several treatises under the name 

 of Noologies. The only cognitive faculty, whose laws constitute the 

 object-matter of a separate science, is the Elaborative, — the Under- 

 standing Special, the faculty of Relations or of Thought Proper. This 

 nomology has been generally called Logic, but its best name would 

 have been Dtanoetic. To the same head might be referred Univer- 

 sal or Philosophical Grammar, that is, the science conversant with 

 the laws of Language as the instrument of thought (L pp. 122-3). 



