MOLLUSCOUS ANIMALS. 319 



it must outlive its organism is proved by the fact that we are moral 

 agents and that there is a Moral Governor of the Universe who will 

 ultimately bring goodness and felicity into accordance (I., p. 32). 



2. The Universe is governed not merely by physical, but also by 

 moral laws, since man is treated as responsible for his actions (I. pp. 

 32-3. Hence also there must be 



3. A Deity, that is, an Intelligent Creator and Moral Governor 

 of the Universe (I., pp. 26-8). The existence of a Deity is an infer- 

 ence from a certain kind of effects to a certain kind of cause (I,, p. 

 26). The effect to be explained is the universe, including, of course^ 

 man. Now as we can know nothing of the absolute order of things, 

 it is only in so far as that order is manifested in our experience that 

 we can form any conclusion regarding what it is in itself (I., pp. 

 30-31). There are then two facts established within the range of 

 our experience : (1) that intelligence, so far as we know anything of 

 it, intelligence in ourselves is not the result of material organisation ; 

 (2) that we are governed as agents morally accountable for their 

 actions. In the absolute order of things, therefore, we must conclude 

 that intelligence precedes physical force, and that morality is a prin- 

 ciple of government ; in other words, that the Creator of the Universe 

 is intelligent and its Governor moral (I., pp. 26-32). 



Should these inferences ever be redargued, " the final recompense 

 of our scientific curiosity would be wailing, deeper than Cassandra's, 

 for the ignorance that saved us from despair " (I., p. 38). 



MOLLUSCOUS ANIMALS. 



BY REV. WILLIAM HINCKS, F.L.S., ETC., 



PEOFESSOB OF NATUEAl HISTOET, TJNIVEESIXY COLLEGE, TOEONTO. 



Th;^ division of the Animal kingdom indicated in the title, was 

 made by the author of this paper the subject of several discourses 

 addressed to the Canadian Institute during its last session, but which 

 not having been intended for printing, were not committed to writing. 

 A request from the Society that these communications might appear 



Vol. XI. w 



