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^nd to the north-east on the river Hebert ; also on the Macan River, 

 where one seam is ten feet thick and of good quality ; and also near 

 the river Philip. In the eastern part of the northern coast of the 

 province coal first appears at Pomket ; then at Fraser's mountain and 

 at the Albion mines, and other places near Pictou. In the belt of 

 coal-measures which lies south of the Cobequial mountain, two seams 

 ■of coal have been discovered in the forest, ten miles north of Truro, 

 dipping from that range. Outcrops of coal ap])ear also in the same 

 belt at Jolly River, at Debert River, at Economy River, and at Parr's 

 Borough. 



Along the northern coast which borders on Northumberland strait, 

 and along the courses of the rivers which fall into that strait, -coal- 

 plants are very abundant. Among these are many large trees which 

 were branching at their tops. The bark is generally converted into 

 coal, and sometimes the whole trunk ; and then the woody fibre 

 remains very distinct. Several of these trees are four feet in dia- 

 meter, and some have been seen six feet in length. Along this 

 coast the trees are' all prostrate, whether in the sandstones or shales, 

 -and they do not appear to lie more in one direction than another. 

 On the coast of Chignecto Bay fossil trees also abound ; and in 

 most places they lie in all positions, parallel to the strata, or across 

 them obliquely. They always increase in number in the proximity 

 of a seam of coal. In one part, however, of the Chignecto coast, 

 called South Joggins, where the nineteen seams of coal already 

 mentioned occur for the space of three-quarters of a mile, and in a 

 thickness of strata amounting to 1800 feet, the fossil trees which 

 occur are all perpendicular to the strata. In tracing these seams of 

 coal along the ravines to the distance of six miles from the coast, 

 trees have been observed in the same vertical position in respect of 

 the strata. The cliffs at this spot are from 80 to 100 feet in height, 

 and consist of grey and reddish sandstone, bituminous blue shale, 

 shelly limestone, clay ironstone and coal. The strata are rapidly 

 degraded, so that at every successive visit which the author has 

 made to the spot during the last ten years, he found that trees which 

 he had originally observed had disappeared, and that others were 

 exposed in their stead. At the last visit he made, which was in 

 July last, in company with Mr. Lyell, seventeen trees were exposed 

 to view, and this number was rather less than he had seen on former 

 occasions. The ordinary length of these trunks is from 10 to 30 

 feet, but some have been observed that were 50 or even 70 feet 

 long. They vary in diameter from 6 inches to 3 feet ; but one 

 was 4 feet 6 inches across. Most frequently their lower extremities 

 are situated in shale ; but sometimes they spring from the coal 

 itself, and when that is the case, they never pass through the seam 

 of coal. Sometimes their roots branch out into the shale or sand- 

 stone they rest upon. 



At the place above referred to, ten miles north of Truro, the 

 strata above and below the coal abound in trunks, branches, and 

 leaves of large fossil trees. The exterior of the trunks is coal ; and 

 the interior is usually sandstone and fine clay. In one tree the 



