236 [Nov. 15, 



Anoplotherium. — The occurrence, in the Sewalik deposits, of bones 

 belonging to this genus, was announced by the authors in their ' Syn- 

 opsis of the fossil genera from the upper deposits of the Sewalik 

 hills/ published in the 4th volume of the Journal of the Asiatic 

 Society of Bengal, in the year 1835 ; and the same fact was after- 

 wards referred to in the 6th volume, p. 358, of that journal. In 

 these communications the species was not described, but was named 

 provisionally, A. posterogenium. In a communication made to the 

 Geological Society in the year 1836, descriptive of a quadrumanous 

 fossil remain, and published in the 5th volume of the 2nd series of 

 their Transactions, the same species was mentioned under the name 

 of ^. Sivalense, a term which the authors propose to retain, in ac- 

 cordance with the principle they adopted in the cases of the horse, 

 camel, hippopotamus, &c., of connecting the most remarkable new 

 species of each fossil Sewalik genus with the formation itself. 



In their present communication the authors purposely abstain from 

 entering on the anatomical characters of this new species further in 

 detail than is barely sufficient for its determination ; and they there- 

 fore confine their notice to two fine fragments of one head, one 

 fragment (PL II. fig. 1.) belonging to the left upper jaw ; the other 

 fragment (PI. II. fig. 2.) to the right upper jaw. 



By a happy chance the teeth are beautifully preserved. The age 

 of the individual, which was just adult, was the best that could be 

 desired to show the marks characteristic of the genus ; for the teeth 

 had attained their full development, though the two rear molars had 

 hardly come into use. 



PI. II. fig. 1 . p is a horizontal view of the left upper jaw, comprising 

 the six back molars. These teeth were subjected to a rigid compa- 

 rison with a cast from the jaw of Anoplotherium commune, figured by 

 Cuvier in the 3rd volume of the ' Ossemens Fossiles,' (pi. 46. fig. 2), 

 and also with casts from the corresponding molars of Chalicotherium 

 Goldfussi, figured by Kaup in the 2nd livraison of his ' Ossemens 

 Fossiles,' (pi. 6. fig. 3-5 and 8-10), between the teeth of which two 

 extinct quadrupeds those of the Sewalik fossil are intermediate iii 

 size. In general form and in the principal distinctive marks they 

 agree closely with the teeth of the typical European species of Ano- 

 plotherium, as described by Cuvier : but they differ from those types 

 in some particulars requiring special notice : they are closely allied 

 to the teeth of the Chalicotherium of Kaup. 



The three rear molars considerably exceed, in all their dimensions> 

 the corresponding teeth of A. commune; and the two rear molars 

 also differ from the corresponding teeth of ^. commune in the fol* 

 lowing respect, that their width is greater than their length. This 

 proportional compression lengthwise belongs to the last two pre- 

 molars of the Sewalik fossil, and it holds also with the back 

 molars of the Chalicotherium. The outer surface presents, both 

 vertically and horizontally, the usual double chevron, or W-form of 

 Anoplotherium, with the three salient vertical bulges swelling up 

 from the base to the crown ; but with this difference from Anoplo- 

 therium, that the surface of the re-entering angles is more inclined 



