614 [April 30. 



rocks, are also to be found in many other parts of Sweden, and we 

 particularly noted them still further to the south, on the high 

 eastern banks and slopes of the Wettern Lake near Grenna, where, ' 

 as well as in the large isle of Visings, the strata are composed of 

 a sandstone which is simply a continuation of the base of the 

 lowest Silurian stratum, its red colour being derived from adjacent ■ 

 red felspathic and quartzose rocks out of which it has been formed 

 and on which it rests. Judging from what we observed in some 

 districts we should say that this sandstone, although the lowest 

 member of the Silurian system over large tracts in Vestrogothia 

 and Ostrogothia, is not so universally in Sweden. 



In certain quarries of argillaceous limestone at Freberga, to the 

 north of Motala, we met with beds absolutely loaded with Echino- 

 sphcerites, of the same species as those near St. Petersburg. They 

 are there clustered together like bundles of enormous grapes, and 

 are associated with one of the small Orthidcs so common in the 

 Russian deposits of the same age. Here again the beds, though 

 entirely unaltered, are tilted at the high angle of 70° to the north, 

 in the proximity of a hill of ancient granitic or syenitic rock, 

 which had doubtless been heaved up en masse like the Omberg, 

 whilst in all the lower flat beyond the slope of the limestone 

 hillocks, and extending for many miles along the north-western 

 shores of Wettern See, the lower or fucoid sandstone lies in 

 grand horizontal sheets, and is extensively quarried as a building 

 stone. 



The total absence, with very few exceptions, of all Upper 

 Silurian rocks in the main land of Sweden, and the fact of the 

 existence of such rocks exclusively in Gothland, being well- 

 known by the examination of fossils, it was not considered 

 necessary to visit this latter island. The chief rock in it is a 

 limestone very similar to that of the upper deposits of Christiania, 

 and is loaded with corals, many of which, including Catenipora 

 escharoides, Favosites labyrinthica, F. gothlandica, are well 

 known species in the Wenlock and Dudley limestone of England. 

 With these are associated Leptcena depressa, L. euglypha, Atrypa 

 tumida, Pentamerus (^Atrypa) galeatus, P. conchtdiiim, Delthyris 

 cyrtcena (^Spirifer radiatus), Terebratula Wilsoni Sow. (T. 

 lacunosa of the Swedish authors), T. marginalis Dalm. (T. im- 

 bricata Sil. Syst.), T. reticidaris JAxm. (Silur. variety of T.prisca), 

 T. nucula, T. plicatella Dal., Euomphalus sulcatus His., Posidonia 

 alata, Avicula retrofiexa His., Tellina prisca, Orthoceratites com- 

 munis Wahl. (0. Ludense Sil. Syst.), O. imbricatus Wahl., O. an- 

 nulatus His. (0. ibex Sil. Syst.), 0. annidatus Sow. (0. undulatus 

 His.), Phragnioceras, Lituites, Calymene Blumenbachi, C vario- 

 laris Brong., Asaphus caudatiis, and a number of other Trilo- 

 bites, among which is a rare example of the genus Brontes 

 (Goldfuss).* 



* We also observed among other Crinoidea the remarkable Hypanthoarinites 

 decorus as well as the Actinocrinites moniliformis of Dudley. 



