Rev. J. Clifton Ward—Geology of the Isle of Man. e 
good cases of more or less east and west striation occur in the lime- 
stone, where exposed upon the shore, just south of both Castletown 
and Port St. Mary. I cannot, however, think that these last could 
have been produced by land-ice, but more probably they are 
due to current-floated ice, when the land was submerged slightly 
beneath its present level. 
There is also a great absence of boulders on the mountain-sides ; 
and no cases, as far as I could see, of large foreign boulders upon the 
mountain-slopes, and away from the boulder-deposits of low levels. 
Boulders of local greenstone and granite do, however, occur in this 
Way, and sometimes in very anomalous positions, such as the granite 
blocks on the west side of South Barrule, the granite itself being on 
_the east side, at a much lower level. Upon the east coast, especially 
at Port Groudale, well-rounded specimens may be gathered from the 
little beach of nearly all the igneous and granitic rocks common in 
the western and north-western portion of the Cumbrian mountain 
area, mixed doubtless with specimens from Scotland. 
_ Altogether, I should be inclined to say—from a limited acquaint- 
ance with the island and its Drift phenomena—that the marks of an 
old land-glaciation were few as compared with those left by marine 
conditions acting during this period. Of local glaciers I could find 
little or no evidence, though on a more thorough survey some may 
perhaps be found. It is more than probable that the ice-sheets from 
Scotland and Cumbria, or from the former alone, swept over this 
island, glaciating it from north to south, and leaving behind much 
unstratified till. Then came a period of submergence, when old 
glacial deposits were modified, and floating-ice, during at least part 
of the period, transported boulders from Cumbria, and locally to and 
fro between different parts of the island, the shore-line being often- 
times well glaciated in the process. 
At one time the island, as it now stands, must have been repre- 
sented by a chain of islands separated from one another, much as the 
Calf is now parted from the mainland, with strong tidal currents 
setting through the straits. Thus the Spanish Head promontory 
must have been parted from the Bradda Head island, and this again 
from the larger tract of hilly country between Fleshwick Bay and 
Slieau Whallian, forming the South Barrule island; while the strait 
running between Douglas and Peel must have separated the southern 
islands from the large northern one comprehending all the northern 
part except the low and exclusively drift-covered extremity. 
The question next arises, To what extent was the island sub- 
merged? In my Papers and Memoirs upon the Geology of the Lake 
District I have given reasons for thinking that that area was sub- 
merged to the extent of some 2,000 feet or more; the evidence being 
mainly derived from the position of various groups of boulders. 
Similar evidence in the Isle of Man is for the most part wanting, so 
far as my limited researches enable me to judge, though the presence 
of granite boulders upon the western slopes of 8. Barrule, up to a 
height of nearly 1,500 feet, points rather in the same direction; for 
it is not easy to understand how an ice-sheet coming from the north 
