Manual of the Geology of India. 133: 
Sandstones discovered by Mr. King near Cocanada. “The Cutch 
beds atford a very complete representation of all the European 
Jurassic beds above the Inferior Oolite; the Bath, Kelloway,' 
Oxford, Kimmeridge, and Portland faunas being more or less clearly 
distinguished.” The Upper Jurassics are represented in the Punjab: 
and the Himalayas. 
‘The Cretaceous rocks of India are of very small extent and 
topographical importance, compared with many of the older forma- 
tions, but palzeontologically they are very interesting, and the South-' 
Indian beds yielded a wonderful harvest of fossils, especially Cepha- 
lopoda, which were mostly worked out by the lamented Dr. Stoliczka, 
and furnished him with materials for several great works published 
in the Palezontologia Indica. The three groups of Upper Cretaceous 
beds occurring in the neighbourhood of Pondicherry and Trichino-’ 
poly, and called respectively the Utatur, Trichinopoly, and Arrialur’ 
groups, correspond in age to the European beds ranging from the 
Upper Greensand, or Cenomanian, to the Upper Chalk, or Senonian. 
The lowest, or Utatur beds, rest unconformably on the plant-bearing 
Upper Gondwanas, or upon the gneiss. The formations are mostly 
littoral, and were deposited along a coast not differing greatly from: 
the existing one, and lying, probably, not many miles to the west of 
their present western boundary. 
A wide difference exists between the fossils of the Bagh Cretaceous 
beds in Central India, and as strong a resemblance between the latter 
and some European Upper Greensand beds, while a singularly close 
connexion existing between the South-African Cretaceous beds in 
Natal and the Trichinopoly and Assam beds points to the existence 
of a barrier of land cutting off the latter seas from the seas of Europe,: 
Arabia (where Cretaceous rocks, with fossils of the Bagh type, occur 
on the south-east coast), and Western India. Very probably thisi 
may have been the same land which united India and South Africa 
during the Lower and Upper Gondwana eras 
The chapter on the Cretaceous system gives full lists of the fossils 
so ably worked out by Stoliczka, from which it is seen that 16°36 
per cent. of the newest strata (of which in all nearly 800 species are 
known) are forms known to occur in Cretaceous beds in Europe, the 
great majority of them being Middle or Upper Cretaceous. The 
Cephalopoda taken alone give a rather older aspect to the formation. 
The Cretaceous rocks of the South offer further confirmation of “ the 
evidence already afforded by the Lower Mesozoic deposits, that the 
Indian Peninsula is a land area of great antiquity.” 
The geology of the great Deccan Trap series and its associated 
fossiliferous beds, though very interesting, must be dismissed with a. 
few words. The great flows of lava are clearly shown to have 
begun at some time between the Middle Cretaceous and the begin- 
ning of the Lower Hocene, and to have been subaerial, not submarine 
nor sub-lacustrine. The known foci of eruption of the lavas are’ 
described and the characters of the infra-trappean, or Lameta beds, 
and of the inter-trappean beds, both freshwater and marine, are fully 
gone into lithologically and paleontologically. 
