O. Fisher—On the Cromer Cliffs. 149 
The eastern side of the bluff is at right-angles to the line of coast. 
The sketches are copied from my note-book. I dug out all the 
material which the largest cavity contained, but found no organic 
remains in it. As far as I recollect, the back of it was soon reached, 
proving that it was not the section of a gallery. It was evident, 
from the horizontality of the contained deposits, that the cavity was 
filled, and from its shape almost certainly formed, after the chalk 
had acquired its present position. And, as stated, the cavity seemed 
to have been exposed to view by the removal of the Boulder-clay 
@ Seasand with rolled and subangular pebbles, 4in. 
on this rest fragments of chalk and flint, 
and flints fallen from the roof. 
6 Laminated calcareous sand with specks of 
carbonaceous matter. The material is 
g Disintegrated chalk, 
+ 
3 apparently derived from partially dissolved 
Jo) chalk ,., FEE See iss “rh pe ce LOiinG 
1 
H e Black carbonaceous layer ave ia <a 2a 104 
! 
! d Calcareous saud without carbonaceous 
AOLCI AID) Lcvey Ay Masstbe Pore ny Lenn geste? acct etn 
e Disintegrated chalk. 
f Fine sand. 
t 
{ 
Fic. 2.—Contents of the largest cavern observed in Fig. 1. 
in which the bluff was originally enveloped. If any such cavities 
had at any former time existed on its northern face, the waste by the 
action of the sea must have long ago obliterated them. 
On the iceberg theory these cavities are hard to account for. 
On the glacier theory I think still harder. I should like to hear 
whether any of them are still to be seen, and what conclusion can 
be drawn from them. I confess to having destroyed the evidence 
of the filling up of the one now described, and am all the more 
bound to put the facts on record. 
May I now be permitted to offer a few remarks upon Mr. Reid’s 
paper ? 
And first I would suggest that his Diagram Fig. 4, p. 64, supposed 
“to illustrate the mode of formation of the contortions,” would be 
misleading to any one who has not visited the spot. The diagram 
would answer very well to represent a series of contorted beds 
near a mountain axis of elevation. But the contortions in the 
Cromer drift are more devoid of system. Fig. 2 gives a better idea 
of them, because it has been drawn from nature. So also, and for 
the same reason, does the diagram I gave (Vol. V. Gron. Mac. 
p. 550). But no diagram can give a generalized notion of the 
whole effect, because to do so it must assume the modus operandi ; 
which is the very thing we do not know. 
And here let me say that I do not think the alternative lies, as 
