172) Rk. Etheridge, jun.—Carboniferous Tubicolar Annelida. 
G. ammonis in Carboniferous rocks, but according to the last-named 
authority it also passes to the Permian.’ Dr. Geinitz figures it both 
dextral and sinistral on the fronds of Cordaites ottonis, and it is stated 
to occur both on and in the substance of the fern, and to be many- 
chambered; it is still called a Fungus. A point of some importance, 
bearing on its identity, lies in the fact that it is quoted by the author 
as occurring in Ireland. 
In 1861 the late Mr. J. W. Salter gave an exceedingly good 
figure* of one variety of Spirorbis carbonarius, Murch., from the 
Coal-measures of South Wales, where it appears to be common, in 
certain strata. The variety figured is that with the prolongation 
forwards of the tube. 
Dr. Dawson, in a paper ‘‘On the Coal-measures of the South 
Joggings,” stated that the Nova Scotian Spirorbis, first noticed 
by him in 1845, closely resembled the Microconchus carbonarius 
of the British Coal-fields.’ 
In the same year Mr. Salter also definitely made known* the 
occurrence of Microconchus carbonarius in Scotch Carboniferous beds, 
although Hibbert’s investigations had tolerably well established this 
point. Mr. Salter gave the Lower Carboniferous beds of the Club- 
biedean Reservoir, near Edinburgh, as the locality and horizon of IZ 
carbonarius. 
So far as I am aware, the Chevalier d’Hichwald® has been the 
only writer, with the exception of, as before mentioned, Prof. Morris 
and Dr. Bronn, to call attention to the identity of Micro. carbonarius, 
Murch., with the earlier Conch. (Helicites) pusillus, Martin. 
In a review of the occurrence of Funginee in Carboniferous rocks, 
Mr. Leo Lesquereux took occasion to refer to the Gyromices ammonis, 
Gépp., which he found in the shales over the coal at Colchester, 
Illinois, and elsewhere, attached both to the remains of plants and 
singly in the matrix. He described the chief features of the tube, 
and stated that internally it was hollow. Upon the whole, Mr. 
Lesquereux appears to regard it as a fresh-water mollusc. ® 
In the year following that in which the above was written, Mr. 
Lesquereux again returned to the subject of Gyromices, in a note to 
a paper “ On the Coal Formations of America.” It is usually found 
on the leaves and stem of Callipteris Sullivani, Lesq., and is still 
considered as a shell. Lesquereux believes the American, Nova 
Scotian and Continental forms to be identical, but the British is con- 
sidered to be distinct.’ 
In 1864 Captain von Roehl,* in a communication to the Rhenish- 
Prussian Natural History Union, at Dorpat, stated that Redner com- 
pared the Gyroinices ammonis, Gopp., to Planorbis, and considered it 
1 Dyas, 1862, heft 2, p. 133. 
Mem. Geol. Survey Gt. Brit. Iron Ores, 1861, pt. 3, t. 2, f. 23, 
Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. 1854, x. p. 39. 
Mem. Geol. Survey Scot. No. 32, 1861, p. 14d. 
Lethea Rossica, 1860, i. p. 670. 
American Journ. Science, 1861, xxxii. p. 195. 
Ibid, 1862, xxxiii. p. 208. 
8 Naturhistorischen Verein d. Preuss. Rheinl. Verhandl. Dorpat, 1864, xxi. p. 43. 
wnuonrPr OWN 
