Geological Society of London. 233 
France appears to be about 130 feet ; from whence the evidences of 
the submergence are furnished northwards by the Campinian sands 
and the diluvium of North Germany and Holland. 
In Stage III. the author traced the rise from this depression, the 
increase of the ice from the greater snow interception caused by it 
on the Pennine chain, and the consequent advance of the glacier- or 
land-ice. This advance gave rise to the Chalky Clay, which was the 
morainie wud-bank which preceded this glacier, and was pushed by 
it as it advanced and the land rose, partly into the shallow sea 
(where it covered and protected for a time the gravel which was 
synchronously forming there), and partly on to the land; and by 
the aid of maps he showed the islands that were overwhelmed by it. 
He then showed, by a line on a map, the limit up to which this ice, 
as it thickened, cut through and destroyed this first deposited mo- 
raine and the gravel which it had covered, as well as such beds of 
Stage II. as were formed there, all this material being pushed on to 
add to later deposited moraine. Outside this line the gravel for 
the most part remains undestroyed, its contents, particularly in 
the uppermost layers, showing that it was fed by the approaching 
moraine. By the level at which the junction of this gravel with 
the moraine clay occurs he traces the position of the sea-line at this 
time (towards the end of the formation), and finds it to rise along 
the south-eastern edge of the clay, from 40 feet in N.E. Suffolk 
to 160 feet in South Essex, and from that along the south-western 
edge to upwards of 350 feet in North Warwickshire and the parts 
of Northamptonshire adjoining, all this agreeing with the original 
increment of submergence in Stage II. He then showed, from evi- 
dence afforded by the Yare and Gipping valleys, that this ice, 
ceasing to advance in East Anglia, shrunk into the valleys of that 
district, exposing the moraine it had previously laid down to the 
growth of vegetation, and issued only through these valleys to the 
sea. The Hoxne paleolithic brickearth he regards as the deposit 
of a lagoon produced from the interception of the drainage of this 
surface by the glacier-tongue thus passing through the Waveney 
valley. The Brandon paleolithic brickearth he regards as connected 
with the same state of things. 
In Stage IV. he described the plateau and cannon-shot gravels 
of Norfolk as resulting from the washing out of the morainic clay 
by the melting of this ice, which, though shrunken into the valleys 
of the East of Norfolk, still lay high and in mass in West Norfolk ; 
and showed that, by having regard to the different inclination of the 
land thus traced, the position of this gravel is reconcilable in no other 
way. The cannon-shot part of it he attributed to the torrents 
pouring from this high-lying ice over the west side of the Wensum 
valley ; and the plateau gravels to the deposition of other parts of the 
same spoil carried into East Norfolk at the commencement of the 
process and while the ice had not thawed out of the valleys, this 
gravel afterwards, as the valley-ice thawed, being deposited in them. 
He also traced the excavation of the trough occupied by the Bain 
and Steeping rivers in Lincolnshire to the same cause. The finer 
