Obituary—Rev. James Clifton Ward. 335 
valtie, and, to make the work more complete, the results of a series 
of soundings carefully taken on most of the lakes by this indefatig- 
able worker are also given. ~ 
In the years 1875 and 1876, and more recently, microscopical 
examination of the rocks of the Lake District occupied much of his 
time. Of papers on this subject I may here note one “On the 
Granitic, Granitoid, and Associated Metamorphic Rocks of the Lake 
District,” the first part of which appeared in the Q.J.G.S. for 1875, 
and the second in the volume of the same periodical for 1876. 
Another paper is entitled, “Notes on the Comparative Microscopic 
Rock-Structure of some Ancient and Modern Volcanic Rocks,” and 
may be seen in the Q.J.G.S. for 1875. Among his latest contribu- 
tions to geological literature may be mentioned ‘ Notes on the 
Geology of the Isle of Man,” which appeared in the Number of this 
Magazine for January last. Of course the papers hitherto noticed 
are but typical samples of his work, and not an exhaustive list of his 
productions. 
But the most characteristic side of his untiring energy, and perhaps 
its most important one, was the zeal with which he worked for the 
diffusion of scientific knowledge while in Cumberland. Before 
leaving Yorkshire he had written a small elementary book on 
Physics, and one of the first-fruits of his educational activity at 
Keswick was a similar work on Geology, composed of nine lectures 
delivered in the first place before a school audience, and secondly 
before the Keswick Literary Society. Being simple, clear, and free 
from unnecessary technicalities, his lectures soon became popular, 
and the lecturer himself acquired influence. 
But as the originator and main support of the “Cumberland 
Association for the Advancement of Literature and Science,” and of 
most of the local societies connected with it, he accomplished a work 
which it may be hoped will not now be suffered to languish, but will 
remain a lasting monument of his beneficent activity. A glance at 
the outer cover of the Transactions of the Cumberland Association 
(Part iv. was published at the beginning of this year), shows the 
date at which each of the associated societies was founded, and dis- 
closes the fact that only one of them—Whitehaven—existed before 
Ward’s appearance in the county. The dates of the others vary from 
Keswick, 1869, to Silloth, the latest, 1879. 
He married at the beginning of the year 1877, and very shortly 
after left the Lake Country to do field-work in the lone, bare district 
of Bewcastle, on the Lower Carboniferous rocks, wintering, however, 
in Keswick as before. But on finishing the Bewcastle work he made 
preparations for entering the Church, and was licensed to the curacy 
of St. John’s, Keswick, in December, 1878. He was as successful in 
his new duties as he had been as a geological surveyor, and was 
appointed at the beginning of this year to the vicarage of Rydal, 
which, to a man of his tastes, must have seemed preferable to the 
most dignified and lucrative post in a locality inferior in natural 
charms and poetical associations; even apart from its nearness to 
Keswick. But he was scarcely established in his new home when a 
