J. J. Harris Teall—Effect of Earth-Movements. 349 
found in both. The opening into the larger cave was originally a 
mere crevice four to six inches wide, requiring many tons of cliff to 
be removed ere we could effect an entrance. Even then, for some 20 
feet, it was but a natural “ tunnel,” too small, in most parts, either 
to creep or turn in. No large animals could possibly have entered 
there; so that the presence of their bones beyond, more or less 
imbedded in stalagmite, proved that some other entrance, not yet 
detected, must once have existed. 
From one of the ramifications, we extracted almost the entire 
skeleton of a Wolf. Its bones were intermingled with those of a 
Roebuck, on which it had probably been feeding. The Wolf’s skull 
was a little over three-fourths the size of a full-grown male Arctic 
specimen. A single canine tooth, belonging to a much larger Wolf, 
was found at no great distance, and near to the place where the 
Lynx bones were imbedded. 
I see no reason to doubt that the Lynx may have roamed through- 
out our forests and mountain glens, along with the Wolf and the Bear, 
till a comparatively recent period, just as it still does in Norway ; 
albeit its origin in Great Britain probably dated from the time when 
these islands were united to the Continent. James BAcKHOUSE. | 
EXPLANATION OF PLATES XI. anp XII. 
Plate XI. Figs. 1a, 16, and 1e. Three views of the humerus of the Lynx (Fv/is 
borealis) from Teesdale. 
la. Front view. 
16. Outer side-view. 
lc. Back view. 
Plate XII. View of the interior of the cave where the bones of the Lynx and the 
skeleton of the Wolf were found. From asketch made on the spot by Mr. Backhouse. 
IV.—Inriuence or Eartu Movements on THE Geronoaican Srruc- 
TURE OF THE BritisH Iszxs,! 
By J. J. Harris Tratt, M.A., F.G.S., 
Late Fellow of St. John’s College, Cambridge. 
N the formation of a country three more or less distinct geologi- 
cal operations are concerned :—a. Rock formation; 6. Earth 
movements; ¢. Denudation. In the case of our own country, to 
which the present paper more especially refers, these three opera- 
tions have succeeded each other again and again; so that a very 
complicated structure is the result. The earth movements and 
denudations of one period have been interfered with by those of 
subsequent periods, and any attempt to trace the exact steps by 
which the evolution of the British Isles has been effected is therefore 
attended with very great difficulty. Karth movements may be 
divided into three groups, as follows :— 
a. Slow movements of elevation and depression analogous to thse 
now going on in the Scandinavian peninsula. 
b. Movements which result in the displacement of rocks along 
planes usually inclined at a high angle to the horizontal sur- 
face; these are more familiarly known as faults, 
1 This article contains the substance of a paper read before the Literary and 
Philosophical Society, Nottingham. 
