SE. T. Newton—Pre- Glacial Mammalia. 447 
If the mixture were melted down, the carbonic acid and the 
organic matter could, I suppose, scarcely remain in it; the water 
and the sulphuric acid might also be driven off in part. The 
proportion of iron in the mixture would be rather greater than that 
calculated, as in certain parts of the section the shale contains bands 
of ironstone nodules, and the sandstone is not always so quartzose 
as the specimen analyzed. 
II.—Nores on THe VERTEBRATA OF THE PrE-GuLAcIAL Forrest Brep 
SERIES oF THE Hast or ENGLAND. 
By E. T. Newton, F.G.S. 
(Continued from p. 427.) 
PART III.—UNGULATA. 
N my first communication on the Carnivora I gave, at the com- 
mencement, a list of all the species said to have been found in 
the “ Forest Bed,” and then at the end a corrected list. The same 
course will be followed in the present instance, so as to show at a © 
glance, those species which have been removed and those which have 
been added to the list. 
UNGULATA SAID TO HAVE BEEN FOUND IN THE ‘ Forest Bep Srrizs.’’ (See 
also corrected list, at p. 452.) 
Equus fossilis. Cervus ardeus. 
caballus. bovides. 
Asinus fossilis. capreolus. 
Rhinoceros etruscus. carnutorum. 
leptorhinus. dama. 
megarhinus. elaphus. 
tichorhinus. Gunnir. 
Hippopotamus major. latifrons. 
Sus scrofa. martialis. 
arvernensis. meg aceros. 
Bos primigenius. Polignacus. 
Bison priscus. Sedgwickit. 
Ovis. verticornis. 
Capra. tarandus. 
(Axis.) 
(Rusa.) 
Equus.—The Equine remains found in the “ Forest Bed ” were re- 
ferred by the earlier writers to the same species as the recent Horse, 
Equus caballus; but in 1846, when Prof. Owen separated certain 
fossil forms under the name of E. fossilis, some of the “ Forest Bed” 
specimens were referred to it. More recently, the numbers of teeth 
obtained have shown that the variations are even greater than was 
supposed, and paleontologists have found it impossible to separate 
the Post-Pliocene Horse teeth from the recent forms, by any constant 
character. Moreover, a study of the teeth of the recent Equine species 
(vide Owen, Phil. Trans. 1869, vol. 189, p. 517, and Riitimeyer, 
Abhand. d. schweiz. pal. Gesell., 1875, vol. ii.) teaches us how 
extremely difficult, if not impossible, it would be to distinguish 
isolated teeth. Riitimeyer is of opinion that the Equine remains, 
found in the river-gravels and caves, cannot be specifically separated 
from the recent Horse (vide Beitrag. z. Kenn. de foss. Pferde., Ver- 
