462 
Th. Thoroddsen—Volcanic History of Iceland. 
At the following dates eruptions and earthquakes have taken 
place in Iceland in historical times : 
A.D. 
c.900 Eldborg erupted about the year 900 ; there are no means of more accurately 
894 
934 
1000 
1015 
1114 
1151 
1157 
1164 
1182 
1188 
1206 
1238 
defining the precise year of this eruption. wit , 
First eruption from Katia, The land between Eyjara (Island-river) and 
Hoélmsa (Holme’s-river) was laid waste, and a whole district, Dynskogahverji 
(Wharf of the rustling woods) was never afterwards inhabited. Ruins of 
homesteads destroyed this year were found in the beginning of the 17th century. 
Second eruption “from Katla. Then, as the tale goes, the Ji okulsa on 
Sélheimasandr (Sun-home-sand) came into existence. ( 
Eruption from HellisheiSi, when Purrarhraun was formed, which flowed 
down into the close vicinity of the farm Hja//i in the district of Olves. 
Earthquakes about the country ; 11 persons perished. onde 
First eruption from Hekla; the ensuing winter was called ‘‘ sand-fall-winter.”” 
First eruption trom Zyélladyngjur ; houses fell im, in many places, from earth- 
quakes, and loss of life took place. i 
Second eruption from Hekla, 19th Jan., accompanied by violent earthquakes, 
Earthquake in Grimsnes, loss of 19 lives. 
Earthquake, loss of 11 lives. 
Second eruption from Trélladyngjur. : 
Third eruption from Heklu, 4th December, which continued far into the spring. 
First eruption off Reykjanes in the tract of the Lideyjuwr. Great earthquakes 
about the South-country, loss of 18 lives. 
Fourth eruption from Hekla. 
The winter of this year is called ‘‘ Sand-winter,’’ but the locality of the 
eruption is unknown. 
Second eruption off Reykjanes. 
Third ditto. 
Fourth ditto. 
1240 Fifth ditto. Excessively violent earthquakes throughout the South-country. 
1245 
1260 
1262 
1294 
1300 
This year, it is reported, one half of Reykjanes was laid waste. 
Third eruption trom Katia. The glacier-slip swept over Sélheimasand. 
Ashes covered the earth to the extent ot + of an ell. 
Great earthquakes about the North country. 
Fourth eruption from Katia, swept over Sélheimasand. 
Fifth eruption from Hekla. Violent earthquakes ; huge chasms opened in the 
earth ; wells and fountains became white as milk for three days; Ranga 
(Wrong-river) changed its course ; rivers were covered with pumice. Some 
new hot springs came into existence, others vanished. 
Sixth eruption from Hekla, July 13th, one of the most violent on record. 
The ashes were borne by a S.W. wind over the North-country and covered a 
large portion of it. Great earthquakes. Famine and great loss of life 
followed. 
Earthquakes throughout the South-country. Eighteen homesteads reduced to 
ruins. 
Fifth eruption from Katla, Jan. 25th, preceded by violent earthquakes ; 
51 homes fell in. A whole district near Kaila, called Lageyjarhverfi (Low-isle- 
wharf), was laid completely waste. 
Eruption somewhere about the district called S¢8a (the Side) ; exact locality 
unknown. ; 
Earthquake in the South-country ; many homesteads fell in ; a hot spring, forty 
fathoms in circumference, was formed in Henglafjéll (= the overtopling-fells). 
Third eruption trom Trélladyngjur. 
Seventh eruption from Hekla; the ashes fell all about the South-country, 
many homes were destroyed by earthquakes this year. 
Eruption from Orefajikull. 
343 Eruption from RawSukambar ; eleven homesteads completely destroyed. 
o 
or 1862 (the annals are most conflicting as to the date). A succession of most 
fearfully violent eruptions trom Orefajckull took place. When the ice-cover 
of the mountain was thrown off, and came down with the rush of the waters 
