Th. Thoroddsen—Voleanie H istory of Iceland. 463 
to the sea, it carried so much with it of stones, sand and debris, that, where 
formerly the sea measured a depth of 80 fathoms, there was a dry beach after 
the eruption. Five fertile districts were laid totally and irretrievably waste ; 
forty homesteads and two churches were swept away in the flood. 
1360 Fourth eruption from Trélladyngjur. 
1370 Earthquakes ; eleven homesteads fell in in Olves. 
1388 ZHighth eruption from Hekla. 
» Lifth eruption from Trélladyngjur. 
,, Hruption trom S%Swékell. 
1391 Earthquakes throughout Grimsnes, Fléi (the Bog) and Olves; fourteen home- 
steads damaged ; loss of life. The earthquakes went northward as far as 
HoltavérSuheiSi (Heath of the beacons on the hill-rises). 
1416 Sixth eruption from Katla. j 
1422 Sixth eruption off Reykjanes. 
1436 Ninth eruption from Hekla, eighteen homesteads destroyed. 
1477 Eruption in the unknown Wildernesses, great fall of ashes in the North- 
country, followed by famine and loss of life. 
1510 Zenth eruption from Hekla, July 25th; great fall of ashes, huge blocks of 
lava were cast at along distance out of the mountain; many people were 
killed by these falling. 
», Stxth eruption from Trélladyngjur. 
1546 Earthquakes in Olves in the beginning of June, many homesteads tumbled 
down. 
1552 Earthquakes on the 2nd of February. 
1554 Eleventh eruption from Hela towards the end of May ; took its rise from the 
mountain range which goes in a N.E. direction from Hekla. Earthquakes 
so frequent and violent that people were obliged to live in tents the greater 
part of the summer. 
1578 Twelfth eruption from Hekla, November 15th. 
1580 Seventh eruption from Katia ; several farmsteads destroyed. 
1581 Great earthquake through Rangarvellir, May 30th. 
1583 Seventh eruption off Reykjanes. 
1584 Earthquakes. 
1597 Thirteenth eruption from Hekla, excessively violent, began January 3; the loud 
reports were heard for twelve successive days even in the northernmost parts of the 
country ; eighteen columns of fire were seen rising from the mountain, Left 
off in March, but the mountain continued to smoke even up to July; the ashes 
covered about one-half of the country, from Borgarfjérdr (Burg-firth) in the 
West to the district called Zéx (Wash) in the east, and North as far as 
BarSardal (Bard’s-dale). This same spring there occurred earthquakes about 
Olves, through which many farmsteads fell in and a large hot spring to the 
south of the farm-house of Reyhkir disappeared, and another opened elsewhere. 
1598 Eruption about Grimsvétn and from Orefajékull. 
1612 First eruption from Lyjafjallajokull. 
1613 Great earthquakes in the South-country, many homesteads tumbled down. 
1618 ee eae frequent in the autumn about the district of Thingeyjarsy’sla in the 
orth. 
1619 Fourteenth eruption from Hela. Great fall of ashes in the North. 
1624 Earthquake in #70 in the month of November. 
1625 Kighth eruption from Katla, September 2-4. Greatfallof ashes; some ashes 
‘ fell in Bergen in Norway. 
1633 Earthquakes in Olves. 
1636 Fifteenth eruption from Hekla ; began May 8; thirteen craters opened; ashes 
fell mostly in the South-East of Iceland. 
1638 Eruption in the wildernesses in the East-country, February 27th. 
1643 Earthquakes on Christmas Eve. 
1657 Earthquakes, many homesteads fell in in F/jétshi’S (Fleet-leeth). 
1660 Ninth eruption from atla, began November 8rd; such was the quantity of 
sand, stones and debris borne down with the flood from the mountain, that a 
dry beach was formed where formerly people fished in a depth of 20 fathoms ; 
the coast was pushed 1000 fathoms out into the sea; five or six farmsteads were 
destroyed. 
