512 =R. J. Ussher—Caves and Kitchen-nidden at Carrigagower. 
properly placed, the Silurian, as well as the Permian Polyzoa, must 
be carefully studied in the way that I have already suggested, 
For the present, too, I will catalogue the remainder of the Carbon- 
iferous genera, reserving for the future more detailed arrangements. 
Genus VII. Rhabdomeson, Young and Young. 
VIII. Ceriopora, Morris. 
- IX. Berenicea, M‘Coy = Ceramopora, Hall. 
I thus, for the present, conclude my summary of the British 
species of Carboniferous Polyzoa. It would have been comparatively 
easy for me to have made it longer—it would have been difficult 
indeed to have made it shorter. To the paleontologist the study 
of the Paleozoic Polyzoa opens up many very important biological 
details, for the connexion of the Polyzoa with the Graptolites is a 
question that must be dealt with in detail; and the relationship of 
the Paleozoic to all other Polyzoa must be grappled with intelli- 
gently and dispassionately; and for this purpose collectors could 
help either myself or others by furnishing materials for the 
study. 
ATTERCLIFFE, SHEFFIELD, 
” 
VY.—Own tur Cayrs AND KITCHEN-MIDDEN AT CARRIGAGOWER, 
Co. Cork. 
By R. J. UssuEr, Esa. 
YHESE caves, whose original mouths are now probably destroyed 
or concealed by rubbish, open at present into a quarry in a 
limestone knoll on the townland of Carrigagower (‘Rock of the 
Goat’), three or four miles south of Middleton. They are not broad 
nor lofty, but have extensive ramifications, especially that one which 
opens into the north-west part of the quarry. At its eastern end, 
and at a depth of 20 feet from the surface, the quarry is crossed 
by a cave now exposed by the removal of its western side. This 
cave runs in the line of a joint or fissure, and penetrates the rock 
north and south. The floor of this cave, where it remains (through 
the northern half of the exposed portion), is of stalagmite resting on 
pale sandy clay that overlies the limestone bottom. On this stalag- 
mite floor, among the débris of broken stalactites, loose charcoal was 
found, and, on removing a layer of the solid stalagmite, from one 
inch to two inches in thickness, much charcoal was found embedded 
in it with sandstone gravel and some shells of a small Helix, marking 
the horizon of an old floor that had been encrusted by the subsequent 
formation of stalagmite. The portion of the cave laid open appeared 
in 1ts southern part to have had no stalagmite floor, but to have had 
an upward opening to the sky, through which an accumulation of 
brown surface-earth and kitchen waste had been introduced, extend- 
ing downwards into the cave so as to have completely filled this 
vertical opening. The accumulation was uniform in character, con- 
taining much charcoal, often in large lumps, and a great profusion 
of bones and teeth of ox, sheep or goat, and pig, with some remains 
of horse, dog, and cat, and a few of bare and rabbit. The bones were 
usually broken. Their colour was generally yellowish, but often 
