532 W. H. Hudleston—The Yorkshire Oolite. 
displays a moderate degree of tuberculation (a little worn away 
perhaps). Otherwise the whorls are without ornament, beyond an 
appearance of fine transverse striation, in that portion of the spire 
which remains. Suture very close and rather oblique. The aper- 
ture is imperfectly shown. 
Relations and Distribution—The representative species in France 
is N. Defrancii, D’Orb. (Terr. Jurass. vol. i. p. 108, pl. 262, figs. 
1 and 2), but that is a wider shell, having a spiral angle of 15° It 
is stated to be the most common of Corallian age in that country. 
A nearer relative is. N. tuberculosa, Roemer (Ool. Geb. p. 144, tab. 
xi. fig. 29), which occurs, according to Brauns (Obere Jura, p. 206), 
in the Lower and Middle Kimmeridge of North-west Germany. 
It would hardly do to aver that N. Goodhallii and N. tuberculosa are 
synonyms, but the Yorkshire specimen under consideration has 
points of resemblance with each, and, if less worn specimens could 
be procured with a stronger tuberculation, the resemblance to 
Roemer’s species would be still more striking. 
The species is very rare in Yorkshire. The only other specimen 
known to me was formerly in the cabinet of a Malton collector. 
Both probably came from the Coral Rag of the Howardians. 
Genus Axarta, Morris and Lycett, 1850. 
This genus, so characteristic of the Mesozoic rocks, is very poorly 
represented in the Yorkshire Corallian. One well-known and 
widely-spread form is moderately plentiful in the lower beds. This 
is the essentially Oxfordian species Alaria bispinosa, Phillips. 
A few ill-preserved specimens of one or two other species have 
been obtained from the Coral Rag, but neither in public museums 
nor in private collections is there anything which it would be safe to 
name or interesting to figure. In the South of England the Coral- 
lian rocks are somewhat richer in this respect. 
32.—AraRia BISPINosA, Phillips, 1829. Plate XVII. Figs. 6a, b, c. 
Rostellaria bispinosa, Phillips, Geology of Yorkshire, 1829, tab. iv. fig. 32. 
? dab, vi. fig. 13. 
Pterocera Cassiope, DI’ Orbigny, 1847, Prod. de Pal. Strat. yol. i. p- 396. 
Alaria Cassiope, D’Orbigny, Continuation de la Pal. Frang. (Piette), Ire série, 
p. 154, pl. xxiy. figs. 1-4. 
Bibliography, ete.—The original figure by Phillips is characteristic, 
but being unaccompanied by description, has left room for doubt, 
more especially since the author gave the same name toa similar 
fossil found in the Kelloway Rock of Scarborough. D’Orbigny 
calls this latter Pt. armigera. It is figured, etc., in the Continuation 
de la Pal. Frane. (p. 110, pl. 22, figs. 1-6) as <Alaria cochleata, 
Quenst. The author (p. 115) states that it is closely allied to 
Alaria trifida, Phil., and further observes that ‘‘we cannot conceal 
from ourselves that these different fossils belong to an identical type 
which is perpetuated throughout the ages, receiving at each epoch 
corresponding to a stage some very slight modifications.” 
No words could describe the true state of things more accurately 
than these, and they go to show the unequal value of specific names 
