R. Bruce Foote—Stone Implements in Madras. 545 
levels, some being cut through by existing rivers, others lying far 
above the present stream beds. 
The best examples of the former I found in the banks of the 
Malprabha and the bed of the Bennihalla, its principal tributary, 
some forty miles §.W. of the junction of the former river with the 
Kistna. Here, in beds of coarse quartzite shingle cemented by 
kankar or calcareous tufa, I found many fine, well-shaped, mostly 
large-sized implements, all of the Madras types. Some very good 
implements of large size I obtained from another highly calcareous 
shingle bed, twenty miles further up the bed of the Malprabha. All 
these implements had been carried but very small distances, as they 
show little or no signs of attrition, but they were unaccompanied by 
the numbers of imperfect specimens, flakes, and chips, which charac- 
terize sites of manufacture. The quartzite from which they were 
made was the same kind as that occurring in the great beds at the 
base of the Kaladgi series, which are well exposed in the great scarp 
forming the southern boundary of the Kaladgi basin, which here 
runs closely parallel with the Malprabha river for a long distance.’ 
‘The other series of gravels occurring at levels never attained by 
the highest floods of the existing rivers are to be met with at 
several places north of the great scarp just mentioned, dotted about 
over the level parts of the Kaladgi basin. Some of these gravels 
IT am inclined to regard as of lacustrine origin ; such, for example, is 
that at Tolanmutti north of the Ghatprabha river. 
The very fine series of implements” found in the South Mahratta 
country was exhibited by me at the Vienna Exhibition in 1873, and 
attracted much notice; I afterwards presented it to the Indian 
Museum in Calcutta. 
~= In another formation also, but of very different character from the 
laterites and gravels hitherto noticed, I was fortunate enough to 
discover implements when surveying in the South-western Deccan 
in 1870. This was a great talus of angular and rounded blocks of 
limestone and trap compacted in parts by a calcareous cement, which 
occurs along the foot of a line of low hills of shale capped with 
limestone overlaid by a bed of the Deccan Trap, on the left bank of 
the Kistna river near Agani (Uguni), some twelve or fifteen miles 
west of Soorapoor. Here, exposed in rain-gullies cutting into this 
breccia-conglomerate talus, I found several large and well-shaped 
implements of the pointed oval type, and remarkable for their being 
made of compact, hard and rather siliceous limestone. This lime- 
stone is the best material for the manufacture of implements to be 
found in the immediate neighbourhood. These implements I also 
exhibited at Vienna in 1873, and they are now in the Indian Museum 
in Calcutta. 
The only other chipped implement beside the above, not made of 
1 Fora fuller description of these beds see my Memoir on the South Mahratta 
Country in the Memoirs of the Geol. Survey of India, vol. xii. p. 241. 
2 Together with these I exhibited a small but very interesting series of Neolithic 
implements from the Salem, Bellary, and Kaladgi districts, which are also now in. 
the Calcutta Museum. 
DECADE II.— VOL, VII.—NO. XII, 35 
