548 Clement Reid—Pliocene and Pleistocene Beds. 
itself ; this 1:43°/, of carbonic acid would by calculation require 
1-82 per cent. of lime, whilst the actual excess of lime found was 
1:98; the difference ‘18°/, between the calculated amount and that 
found is quite within the range of experimental error. 
It was thought that perhaps it was just possible, although not very 
probable, that the shell had been subjected to the action of fire, and 
that part of the lime might still be in the caustic state; but nothing 
was found to confirm this momentary idea ; the powdered shell turned 
red litmus paper blue, but not to a greater extent than does 
powdered marble ; and, moreover, the presence of the organic matter 
found in all the fragments examined completely negatived the 
supposition that they had lost part of their carbonic acid by the 
action of fire. 
The specific gravity of the shell was found to be 2:706 when 
taken in the form of powder ; the uncrushed shell after long soaking 
in water gave a specific gravity of 2-580; and after warming until 
air bubbles ceased to be expelled, it was found to be 2-610; the 
difference between the first and second determinations gives a rough 
estimate of the amount of air space in the substance of the shell. 
On comparing the results of the analysis of the Moa egg-shell with 
the analyses of recent egg-shells, it will at once be apparent that the 
composition of the Moa egg-shell differs but little from them ; hence, 
it has in all probability undergone but a slight amount of change. 
The following analysis of the ege-shell of the domestic fowl, made 
by Vauquelin, is quoted in Watt’s Dictionary of Chemistry, vol. ii. 
p- 363 :— 
Caletamrycarbomationy <1is2t. 0 iss sac tei. onteaee ee 89-6 
,» _ phosphate with a little magnesium phosphate .. a7 
Animal matter containing sulphur................ 000. 4: 
—100-0 
In the supplement to Watt’s Dictionary, p. 549, the following 
analyses by W. Wicke are also cited :— 
y Heron. Gull. Pheasant. Goose. Hen. Duck. 
Calcium carbonate.... 94:60 91:96 93°33 95:26 93°70 94°42 
Maenesium.......... “69 “76 66 72 1°39 50 
Phosphates ........ “42 83 1°37 “47 16. 4) 84 
Organic substances .. 4°30 6°45 4°64 3°00 4-15 4°24 
2 
V.—CHASSIFICATION OF THE PLIOCENE AND Purrstocenre Beps. 
By Crrment Rep, F.G.S.; of H.M. Geological Survey. 
(Published by permission of the Director-General of the Geological Survey.) 
ii former papers on thé Pliocene and Pleistocene Beds near Cromer, 
an account has been given of the character and succession of 
these deposits.! I have since obtained fuller information with regard 
to the beds beneath the Boulder-clay, and now give a more complete — 
table, and also venture to propose the subjoined classification of the 
newer Tertiaries, reserving all details for the Survey Memoir. 
On the Chalk near Cromer there is the shelly crag, which I have 
called Weybourn Crag. This is most intimately allied to the older © 
crags, only one out of the fifty-four marine mollusca it contains 
being a fresh arrival. 
' Grox. Mag. Dee, IE, Vol. IV. p. 300, and Vol. VIL. p. 55. 
