98 INSCRIBED SLING-BULLETS. 



From these remarks it appears, if I understand them correctly^ 

 that Mr. Hawkins is dissatisfied with the use of $AINE in the 

 sense, "appear," or "show yourself;" and thinks that if this had 

 been the meaning, we should have had the passive or middle $AINOY; 

 and yet in another place, p. 105, he translates <^AINE "appear." 

 Again, he seems to doubt whether the word was $AlNO, or GAINED, 

 which latter he believed to be the Ionic form of $AINOY. On refer- 

 ence to the representation of the bullet in his drawing, it is plain that 

 the word is neither $AINO nor <l>AINOY, but <I>AINE; after which 

 there niav, perhaps, have been another letter. What that other 

 letter was is of course doubtful, but it certainly was not O. ^AINEO, 

 not $AlNEO, is another form of <^AINOY. Mr. Hawkins had, I 

 think, some reason to be dissatisfied with the use of $AINE in the 

 sense "appear," "show yourself;" but the passive or n-iddle 

 $AlNOY, is not necessary, as ^atVw is sometimes used intransitively. 

 My objection to either of these words in the assigned signification is, 

 that I do not recollect having met with a similar instance, whilst I at 

 once call to mind the the use of <^dvr]6L by the Tragedians ; e. gr. 

 ^sehylus, Persae, 667 ; Sophocles, Ajaoc, 697 ; Euripides, Phcenissce, 

 1748. 



The true explanation of the inscription is, in my judgment, sug- 

 gested by the consideration of the probable date. Mr. Hawkins 

 judiciously remarks on this subject : 



This specimen was found lodged in the Cyclopian walls of Same in Ce- 

 pbalonia. The determination of its date must depend on the degree of proba- 

 bility which may be attached to the supposition that it was deposited there by 

 one of the Achaean siingers from ^gium, Patrse, and Dyme, of whom there were 

 one hundred in the army with which the Roman consul, M. Fulvius, reduced 

 that place, after a siege of four months, b c. 189. — (Livy, xxxviii. 20.) 



The siege of Same took place, as is well known, at the end of the 

 ^tolian war, in which Phseneas, $AINEA2, took a prominent part, 

 as Prsetor of the .^rolians. (See Livy, xxxii. 32 ; xxxiii. '6 ; xxxvi. 2S ; 

 Polybius, xvii. 1 ; xviii. 20 ; xx. 9.) In this year, b-c. 189, he, in con- 

 junction with Damoteles, had obtained peace from M. Fulvius, from 

 which, however, the Komans specially excluded Cepiiallenia. (See 

 Livy, xxxviii. 8 ; Polybius, xxii. 12.) It appears, then, that if there 

 was a letter after $AINE, it probably was A, i.e. $atvea for $aiveov. 

 The inscription of his name seems to indicate that the bullet was 

 .^tolian, cast whilst he was Praetor (see p. 95), or it may have been- 



