CONCERNING THE HIGHER MAMMALIA. 167 



bral differences between Man and the Apes are not of more than gen- 

 eric value. The vast and unapproachable development of the hemis- 

 pheres, and their lofty proportions, would appear to establish a greater 

 difference than this. Even the amount of cerebral substance itself 

 places comparison almost out of the question. Let us, as before, change 

 the formula provided for us, and compare the highest man with the 

 heaviest gorilla. The proportion then, in ounces, is 65 to 20. The 

 surface of the human brain is furnished with many more convolutions, 

 than that of the Chimpanzee, which Prof. Huxley figures, (the oppor- 

 tunity of examining the brain of the Gorilla being rare). And it will 

 be perceived, in examining Prof. Huxley's plate, that if a posterior 

 cornu of the ventricle and a hippocampus minor exist in the brain of 

 this animal, they appear by no means so well defined or developed as 

 in the human brain figured alongside. 



The fact of the great gap that exists between the Apes and 

 Monkeys and the Lemurs, in this, that the cerebellum in the Lemur 

 is partially visible from above, would rather lead some naturalists to 

 conclude that the Lemur had less business than ever, this being known, 

 to intrude itself into the Order in which Homo occupies a place. But 

 in reference to the actual preponderance of brain. Prof. Huxley places 

 less value on this as a characteristic of Man, than most other writers 

 on the subject. He states that "the brain is only one condition out 

 of many, on which intellectual manifestations depend ; the others being 

 chiefly the organs of the senses and the motor apparatuses, especially 

 those that are concerned in prehension, and in the production of arti- 

 culate speech." Now this doctrine certainly sounds strangely to those 

 of us who have been taught in the old-fashioned system of physiology, 

 that the brain is the organ of mind, and to those of us who have seen 

 all " intellectual manifestations " suddenly stopped by a blow upon 

 the cranium. It certainly sounds strangely to myself, who have seen 

 the action of the "motor apparatuses " — as Prof. Huxley styles them 

 — as well as the sensitive ones — the sense of the organ of touch and 

 the powers of motion including that of articulation — simultaneously 

 and permanently arrested by dislocation of the cervical vertebrae, and 

 consequent pressure on the spinal cord, whilst there was no reason to 

 suppose that intellectual power was wanting in the brain during the 

 days in which the wretched sufferer survived. Such a case, surely, 

 demonstrates the paramount importance of the brain, and the utter 

 inefficiency of the motor and sensitive nervous systems as intellectual 



