ANCIENT AND MODERN CELT. 391 



In so far as a comparison can be instituted between this group of 

 Crania and those previously referred to, it will be seen that the 

 latter are smaller than the examples of the Helvetian and Irish 

 Celtic head. Nevertheless they agree with all other evidence 

 in confirming the predominance of a head of unusual length, 

 in more than one of the ancient insular races. But a com- 

 parison of the results of the above table, in longitudinal and 

 parietal measurements, with the Kumbecephalic and Brachycephalic 

 crania of British megalithic tombs and barrows, as derived from the 

 mean results of examples of each class, is of more importance, from 

 the remarkable amount of diversity it reveals among the ancient in- 

 sular races.* For the purpose of comparing them with the typical 

 Celtic crania of M. Broca, previously referred to, the measurements 

 are given both in inches and in centimetres. 



Kumbecephalic crania, length, 7.44, or 18.897; breadth, 5.27, or 13.385 

 Brachycephalic " " 7.12, " 18.084; « 5.70, " 14 4 77 



Celtic " " 7.37, " 18.719; " 5.43, " 13.792 



I shall now turn to another test, to which I have already repeatedly 

 referred in former papers, as calculated to furnish useful comparative 

 craniological data. The hatter in the daily experience of his business 

 transactions, necessarily tests the prevalent form and proportions of 

 the human head, especially in its relative length, breadth, and hori- 

 zontal circumference ; and where two or more distinct types abound 

 in his locality, he cannot fail to become cognisant of the fact. One 

 extensive hat manufacturer in Edinburgh, states that " the Scottish 

 head is decidedly longer, but not so high as the English. In com- 

 parison with it the German head appears almost round." But com- 

 paring his scale of sizes most in demand, with others furnished to me 

 from Messrs. Christie, the largest hat makers in England, the results 

 indicate the prevalent Scottish size to be 22f inches ; four of this 

 being required for every two of the next larger and smaller sizes ; 

 whereas in assorting three dozen for the English trade, Messrs. 

 Christie furnish four of 21^, nine of 2 If, ten of 22, and eight of 22f 

 inches. Mr. Rogers, of Toronto, in assorting three dozen, distributes 

 them in the ratio of five, seven, nine, and five to the same predomi- 

 nant sizes, and allows four for the head of 23 inches in circumference, 

 the remainder being in both cases, distributed in ones and two be- 

 tween the largest and smallest sizes, ranging from 23f to 20f inches. 



•Vide Ibid, Tables I., II., vol. I., pp. 267, 275. 



