400 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 



that of Normandy, instead of approximating more closely to tlie Brit- 

 ish bra chy cephalic type, confirms the idea of a dolichocephalic Celtic 

 head-form. But the analogy of the modern Germanic head, with its 

 numerous sub-types, suggests the probability, that the once widely 

 diffused Celtic nations included variations in physical form, no less 

 definite than those which distinguish the Cymric from the Gaelic sub- 

 divisions of their language. The Gaulish and British head-forms must 

 be assumed to have belonged to a common type ; but it is probable, 

 if not indeed demonstrable, that they included varieties not less dis- 

 tinct than those of the modern German and Anglo-Saxon. The in- 

 quiry, however, is just at that stage when the careful setting forth of 

 the whole evidence — even where it may seem to conflict, — is best cal- 

 culated to lead to a satisfactory decision. The known, unknown, and 

 undetermined elements of the proposition may, I think, be fairly sta- 

 ted as follows : leaving the Celtic elemeat to be determined by compar- 

 ison between the modern head-form as the sum of the whole, and the 

 value of the ascertained elements. Thus tested, the weight of evidence 

 appears to be in favor of the Dolichocephalic as the undetermined, 

 and therefore the Celtic element : — 

 Breton Head-Form. 



Pre-Celtic, Turanian or Finnic element Brachycephalic 1 



Frank and other Germanic elements Dolichocephalic. 



Native Celtic element ? 



Modern Head : — Dolichookphalic. 



Normandy Head-Form. 



Pre-Celtic elements Brachycephalic ? 



Germanic elements Dolichocephalic. 



Scandinavian : Norse element , Dolichocephalic. 



" Finnic element. Brachycephalic. 



Native Gaulish element ? 



Modern Head : — Beaohyoephalic. 



English Hbad-Form. 



Pre-Celtic element : Megalithic race . , Kumbecephalic. 



Pre-Celtic (?) element : Barrow race Brachycephalic 



Germanic elements : Anglian, Saxon, Frisian Dolichocephalic. 



Scandinavian elements : Danish, Norman Dolichocephalic. 



Native British element ' ' 1 



Modern Head : — Dolichocephalic. 



Scottish Head-Form. 



Pre-Celtic element : Megalithic race Kumbecephalic. 



Pre-Celtic (?) element : Barrow race Brachycephalic. 



