ANCIENT AND MODEkN CELt. 401 



Germanic elements : Anglian Dolichocephalic. 



Scandinavian elements : Norse, Danish Dolichocephalic. 



Celtic elements : Gaelic, Erse, British ■ ? 



Modern Head-Form : Dolichocephalic. 



The results of comparisons instituted from time to time between Eng- 

 lish and Scottish heads^ and confirmed by the practical experience of 

 hatters in both countries, lead me to the belief that they differ in the 

 greater length and less height of the Scottish than the English head. 

 Leaving out of question the prcCeltic elements in both cases, the 

 others can be defined with tolerable precision. The traces of the Bri- 

 ton in Scotland are as unmistakeable as those of the Gael in Wales. 

 Nevertheless the British is the predominant Celtic element in the 

 South, and the Gaelic in the North. Of the Germanic elements the 

 Saxon is exclusively English ; the Anglian, and apparently the Frisian, 

 Scottish. Of the Scandinavian elements, the Danish predominates in 

 England, the Norwegian in Scotland ; and the Intter was very slightly 

 affected by any Norman element. It is also important to bear in re- 

 membrance the relations in which the races stood to each other in the 

 two countries. In England the remnant of Romanised Britons rap- 

 idly disappeared before the Saxon and Anglish colonists ; so that 

 when the Danes followed in their wake, they found only an Anglo- 

 Saxon people to resist or to intermingle with. In Scotland, on the 

 contrary, a race of Celtic kings occupied the throne of the united king- 

 dom till the death of Alexander III. in 1286. There also the North- 

 men of the Islands and Sutherland intermingled with a purely Celtic 

 population. In the war of independence the Islesman and the High- 

 lander of the mainland made common cause with the lowland Scot ; and 

 the Gaelic and Anglo-Scandinavian races intermingled on perfect politi- 

 cal equality : the Gael only exchanging the Celtic for the English 

 tongue, when he passed beyond the Highland line, and merged into 

 the mixed stock of the low country. 



It thus appears that where the Celtic element most predominates, 

 the longer form of h«ad is found. It is also noticeabl? that there are 

 indications of the Gaelic and Erse type of head being longer than the 

 British. The results, as a whole, of the classification of the known 

 and unknown elements in tabular form, appear to involve the assign- 

 ment of dolichocephalic characteristics to the undetermined Celtic ele- 

 aaent both of the French and English bead. 



The question invites further research, in all its bearings ; and as 6tt& 



Vol. IX. 2b 



